{"id":10273,"date":"2021-02-25T19:13:22","date_gmt":"2021-02-26T00:13:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/?p=10273"},"modified":"2021-04-02T17:03:41","modified_gmt":"2021-04-02T22:03:41","slug":"%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%8c-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b5%d9%81%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b2%d8%b1%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d8%ba%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b0%d9%8a-%d9%8a%d8%ba%d9%91","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/ar\/%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%8c-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b5%d9%81%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b2%d8%b1%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d8%ba%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b0%d9%8a-%d9%8a%d8%ba%d9%91\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u063a\u0651\u0631\u062f \u0632\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/orhay.net\/photo\/\/1c34a018dc5917201f12ba50b5a20e52.png\" alt=\"\u062a\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u063a\u0651\u0631\u062f \u0632\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627: \u062f. \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629*- \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\" \/><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: right\">\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629*- \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\">\n<div style=\"text-align: right\">\u0641\u064a 15 \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637\/ \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2011 \u060c \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646\u060c &#8220;\u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0636\u062d\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: right\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646&#8221; 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[9]<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: right\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: right\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/orhay.net\/PublicFiles\/Image\/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%20%D9%83%D9%88%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%86%20%D9%85%D8%B9%20%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A7%20%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B3.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: right\"><strong>\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0648\u0634\u0646\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u064a\u0633<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: right\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: right\">\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062e\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 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right\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/orhay.net\/PublicFiles\/Image\/%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%20%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%83%20%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%8A.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: right\"><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0643 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0633\u064a\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: right\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: right\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: right\">\u0641\u064a \u062e\u0636\u0651\u0645 &#8220;\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062a\u0633&#8221;\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646 27 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 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src=\"http:\/\/orhay.net\/PublicFiles\/Image\/%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%20%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%20%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%A8%20%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B7%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%85%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D9%85%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%202019.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: right\"><strong>\u0647\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0628 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a 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right\">\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062c\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0651\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u062a \u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0646\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u062c\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0646 [22].<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: right\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: right\">\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u0645\u0651\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647:<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: right\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: right\">&#8220;\u0633\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0643 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651 \u0628\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0647\u061f&#8221; \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 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style=\"text-align: right\">[1] Le Monde, \u00ab Hillary Clinton milite pour la libert\u00e9 sur Internet \u00bb, 16 f\u00e9vrier 2011,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/technologies\/article\/2011\/02\/16\/hillary-clinton-militepour-la-liberte-sur-internet_1480855_651865.html\">http:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/technologies\/article\/2011\/02\/16\/hillary-clinton-militepour-la-liberte-sur-internet_1480855_651865.html<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n[2] Le Monde, \u00ab Google, les \u00c9tats-Unis et l\u2019\u00c9gypte \u00bb, 3 f\u00e9vrier 2011,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/technologies\/article\/2011\/02\/03\/google-les-etats-unis-et-l-egypte_1474508_651865.html\">https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/technologies\/article\/2011\/02\/03\/google-les-etats-unis-et-l-egypte_1474508_651865.html<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n[3] Campaign for Accountability, \u00ab\u00a0Campaign for Accountability Launches Google Transparency Project\u00bb, 26 avril 2016,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/campaignforaccountability.org\/campaign-for-accountability-launches-google-transparency-project\/\">https:\/\/campaignforaccountability.org\/campaign-for-accountability-launches-google-transparency-project\/<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n[4] The Tech Transparency Project, \u00ab\u00a0Google\u2019s White House Meetings\u00a0\u00bb, 26 avril 2016,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.techtransparencyproject.org\/articles\/googles-white-house-meetings\">https:\/\/www.techtransparencyproject.org\/articles\/googles-white-house-meetings<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n[5] Alexis Orsini, \u00ab\u00a0Google a visit\u00e9 la Maison Blanche 71 fois par an pendant la pr\u00e9sidence Obama\u00a0\u00bb, Numerama, 04 novembre 2016,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.numerama.com\/tech\/206436-google-roi-du-lobbying-sous-la-presidence-obama-avec-71-visites-par-an-a-la-maison-blanche.html\">https:\/\/www.numerama.com\/tech\/206436-google-roi-du-lobbying-sous-la-presidence-obama-avec-71-visites-par-an-a-la-maison-blanche.html<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n[6] A. Bensaada, \u00ab T\u00e9h\u00e9ran-Gaza : la diff\u00e9rence m\u00e9diatique, Le Quotidien d\u2019Oran, 25 juin 2009,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.lequotidien-oran.com\/?archive_date=2009-07-01&amp;news=5123035\">http:\/\/www.lequotidien-oran.com\/?archive_date=2009-07-01&amp;news=5123035<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n[7] AFP, \u00ab Clinton says Twitter is important for Iranian free speech \u00bb, 17\u2008juin 2009,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.google.com\/hostednews\/afp\/article\/ALeqM5h6i%20CR8fA4XQ4OHnzc0sxe3aadMxg\">http:\/\/www.google.com\/hostednews\/afp\/article\/ALeqM5h6i CR8fA4XQ4OHnzc0sxe3aadMxg<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n[8] Mark Landler et Brian Stelter, \u00ab Washington Taps Into a Potent New Force in Diplomacy\u00bb, New York Times, 16 juin 2009,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2009\/06\/17\/world\/middleeast\/17media.html?_r=0\">http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2009\/06\/17\/world\/middleeast\/17media.html?_r=0<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n[9] Kristina Wong, \u00ab Clinton: \u201cI wouldn\u2019t know a Twitter from a tweeter\u201d &amp; Iran Protests US Meddling \u00bb, ABC News, 17 juin 2009,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/abcnews.go.%20com\/blogs\/politics\/2009\/06\/clinton-i-wouldnt-know-a-twitter-from-a-tweeter-iran-protests-us-meddling\/\">http:\/\/abcnews.go. com\/blogs\/politics\/2009\/06\/clinton-i-wouldnt-know-a-twitter-from-a-tweeter-iran-protests-us-meddling<\/a>\/&nbsp;<\/p>\n[10] Laurence Girard, \u00ab Testons les usages commerciaux de Twitter \u00bb, Le Monde, 24 juin 2009,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/technologies\/article\/2009\/06\/24\/biz-stone-testons-les-usages-commerciaux-de-twitter_1210767_651865.html\">https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/technologies\/article\/2009\/06\/24\/biz-stone-testons-les-usages-commerciaux-de-twitter_1210767_651865.html<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n[11] AFP, \u00ab Mme Clinton appelle l\u2019\u00c9gypte \u00e0 r\u00e9fr\u00e9ner les forces de l\u2019ordre \u00bb, 28 janvier 2011,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ladepeche.fr\/article\/2011\/01\/28\/1000825-Mme-Clintonappelle-l-Egypte-a-refrener-les-forces-de-l-ordre.html\">http:\/\/www.ladepeche.fr\/article\/2011\/01\/28\/1000825-Mme-Clintonappelle-l-Egypte-a-refrener-les-forces-de-l-ordre.html<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n[12] The Official Google Blog, \u00ab Some weekend work that will (hopefully) enable more Egyptians to be heard \u00bb, 31 janvier 2011,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/googleblog.blogspot.com\/2011\/01\/some-weekend-work-that-will-hopefully.html\">https:\/\/googleblog.blogspot.com\/2011\/01\/some-weekend-work-that-will-hopefully.html<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n[13] Ahmed Bensaada, \u00ab\u00a0Arabesque$ \u2013 Enqu\u00eate sur le r\u00f4le des \u00c9tats-Unis dans les r\u00e9voltes arabes\u00a0\u00bb, Ed. Investig\u2019Action, Bruxelles (Belgique), 2015 \u2013 Ed. ANEP, Alger (Alg\u00e9rie), 2016&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/Documents%20Ahmed\/Article%20Ahmed\/Twitter%20le%20petit%20oiseau%20qui%20chante%20faux\/Twitter%20le%20petit%20oiseau%20bleu%20qui%20gazouille%20faux_VF.docx#_ftnref14\">[<\/a>14]\u00a0<em>Ibid<\/em>.<\/p>\n[15]\u00a0<em>Ibid<\/em>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n[16]\u00a0<em>Ibid<\/em>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n[17] Eva Golinger, \u00ab La gr\u00e8ve de la faim \u00e0 la mode de Washington \u00bb, Mondialisation.ca, 2 mars 2011,\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mondialisation.ca\/venezuela-la-gr-ve-de-la-faim-la-mode-de-washington\/23482\">https:\/\/www.mondialisation.ca\/venezuela-la-gr-ve-de-la-faim-la-mode-de-washington\/23482<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n[18] Voir r\u00e9f. 13&nbsp;<\/p>\n[19] Alexandre Roberge, \u00ab\u00a0Twitter et les r\u00e9volutions arabes\u00a0\u00bb, Thot Cursus, 15 janvier 2012,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/cursus.edu\/articles\/20967\/twitter-et-les-revolutions-arabes\">https:\/\/cursus.edu\/articles\/20967\/twitter-et-les-revolutions-arabes<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n[20] Pablo Barbera et Megan Metzger, \u00ab\u00a0<em>How Ukrainian protestors are using<\/em>\u00a0Twitter and Facebook\u00a0\u00bb, The Washington Post, 4 d\u00e9cembre 2013,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/monkey-cage\/wp\/2013\/12\/04\/strategic-use-of-facebook-and-twitter-in-ukrainian-protests\/\">https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/news\/monkey-cage\/wp\/2013\/12\/04\/strategic-use-of-facebook-and-twitter-in-ukrainian-protests\/<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/Documents%20Ahmed\/Article%20Ahmed\/Twitter%20le%20petit%20oiseau%20qui%20chante%20faux\/Twitter%20le%20petit%20oiseau%20bleu%20qui%20gazouille%20faux_VF.docx#_ftnref21\">[<\/a>21] Marion Mercier, \u00ab\u00a0\u00c9tats-Unis : Donald Trump priv\u00e9 de son compte Twitter\u00a0\u00bb, France Info, 10 janvier 2021,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.francetvinfo.fr\/monde\/usa\/presidentielle\/donald-trump\/etats-unis-donald-trump-prive-de-son-compte-twitter_4251981.html\">https:\/\/www.francetvinfo.fr\/monde\/usa\/presidentielle\/donald-trump\/etats-unis-donald-trump-prive-de-son-compte-twitter_4251981.html<\/a><\/p>\n[22] Griffin Connolly, \u00ab\u00a0Democrat brands Ted Cruz a \u2018bully\u2019 after he slammed Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey for censoring NY Post report on Hunter Biden\u00a0\u00bb, The Independant, 28 octobre 2020,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/americas\/us-election-2020\/ted-cruz-jack-dorsey-twitter-ny-post-brian-schatz-b1401715.html\">https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/americas\/us-election-2020\/ted-cruz-jack-dorsey-twitter-ny-post-brian-schatz-b1401715.html<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n[23] PAC\u00a0: Political Action Committee\u00a0(comit\u00e9 d\u2019action politique)&nbsp;<\/p>\n[24] Pr\u00e9nom du petit oiseau bleu, logo de Twitter<\/p><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: right\"><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: right\"><strong>*\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f 1956\u060c \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644-\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0651\u0633 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a 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