{"id":115063,"date":"2025-05-11T08:48:49","date_gmt":"2025-05-11T07:48:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/?p=115063"},"modified":"2025-05-11T08:51:18","modified_gmt":"2025-05-11T07:51:18","slug":"%d9%83%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%87-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%b9%d8%a8%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d9%8a%d8%ae-%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/ar\/%d9%83%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%87-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%b9%d8%a8%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d9%8a%d8%ae-%d8%a7\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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\u00a0<\/p>

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\u00a0<\/p>

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\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u0629: \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644<\/strong><\/p>

\u0641\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a. \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0642\u064a \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0648\u0647\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a.<\/p>

\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644. \u0641\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 “\u0645\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629”\u060c \u0646\u0633\u062c\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u2013 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0631\u062d\u0644\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0628\u0650\u0637\u0650\u064a\u0646.<\/p>

\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0640”\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a\u0629” \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642: \u062e\u0644\u0642 “\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a \u062c\u064a\u062f” \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0648”\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0626” \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a.<\/p>

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0622\u062c\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638 \u0642\u062f\u0627\u0634\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631. \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0651\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u0643\u0648\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0648 “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a\u0629”<\/strong><\/p>

\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a\u0629” \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>

\u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0635\u0627\u063a\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u2013 \u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u2013 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0636\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628. \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>

\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0641\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1962 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u062e. \u0641\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0643\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0634\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0642\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0639\u0628\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0651\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0621)<\/strong><\/p>

\u0631\u0623\u064a\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0647\u0631.<\/em><\/p>

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0639\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u2013 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0647 \u2013 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0651\u062e \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u064a. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u062f \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631\u064a \u0645\u064f\u0641\u0631\u0651\u0642 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644.<\/p>

\u0641\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u061f \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0640”\u0628\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0651\u062a\u0629” \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061f \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0632\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/em><\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong><\/p>

\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0625\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0632\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0632\u062e\u0627\u062a<\/em>\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u060c 1994.<\/p>

\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0622\u062c\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 (1871\u20131919)<\/em>\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a PUF\u060c 1973.<\/p>

\u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/em>\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u062f\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0641\u0631\u062a\u060c 2004.<\/p>

\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638 \u0642\u062f\u0627\u0634\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 SNED\u060c 1980.<\/p>

\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u00ab\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629: \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u00bb\u060c \u062f\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 165\u060c 2002.<\/p>

\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c I.B. Tauris\u060c 1995.<\/p>

\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 1871 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631<\/em>\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u062f\u060c 1884.<\/p>

\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0647\u0627: \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 (1895\u20132005)<\/em>\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c 1999.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629: Hope&ChaDia \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 9 \u0645\u0627\u064a 2025 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u2013 \u0648\u062e\u0628\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u2013…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":115031,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[31,44,40],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-115063","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-31","category-44","category-40"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 - AAH.JZR<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/ar\/\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0647-\u0628\u064a\u0646-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631-\u0639\u0628\u062f-\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631-\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e-\u0627\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 - AAH.JZR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629: Hope&ChaDia \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 9 \u0645\u0627\u064a 2025 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u2013 \u0648\u062e\u0628\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u2013…\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/ar\/\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0647-\u0628\u064a\u0646-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631-\u0639\u0628\u062f-\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631-\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e-\u0627\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"AAH.JZR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/jazairhope\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-05-11T07:48:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-05-11T07:51:18+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/M.-Walid-Sadi-Ministre-des-Sports-et-President-de-la-Federation-Algerienne-de-Football-7.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1120\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"630\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Hope Jzr\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Hope Jzr\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" 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