{"id":39190,"date":"2021-12-12T11:35:40","date_gmt":"2021-12-12T11:35:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/?p=39190"},"modified":"2021-12-12T11:35:40","modified_gmt":"2021-12-12T11:35:40","slug":"%d9%82%d8%b5%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b2%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b0%d9%8a-%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%a3-%d8%b2%d8%b9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/ar\/%d9%82%d8%b5%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b2%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b0%d9%8a-%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%a3-%d8%b2%d8%b9\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631\/\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1969 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0643\u0627\u063a\u0648 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0632\u0648\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647.<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b \u063a\u0636\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0633\u0631\u0628\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0646\u062c\u062d \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0646\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0635 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0642\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u061f<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u060c \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1966 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0644.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0643\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 21 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631\/ \u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1965\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627\u062d \u0636\u062d\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 300 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0643\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631\/\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1966 \u0643\u0631\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n
\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n
\n

\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u062d \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u062d \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0636\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 35 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0648\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631\/\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1969 \u0648\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/div>\n
\n

\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1966 \u0631\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1975.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n

\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n

\u0648\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u0627 \u0645\u0646 10 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\"\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629<\/div>\n

\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c<\/span>GETTY IMAGES\u00a0 <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c\u00a0 <\/span>\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0623\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1968<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n
\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635\u062f\u0649 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u062f \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0645\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/div>\n
\n

\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1969\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u062f\u063a\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1969 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631\/\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1969 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0643\u0627\u063a\u0648 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0632\u0648\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/div>\n
\n

\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1969 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0625\u0644\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
\n

\u0641\u064a 14 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631\/\u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1970\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u062d “\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627” \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u060c \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 “\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u062c\u0631\u0632”\u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645<\/div>\n

\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c<\/span>GETTY IMAGES<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n

\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1967\u060c \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 “\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631”\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0638\u0644\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639. \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0632 \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0626\u0630 \u0625\u0646 \u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n

<\/div>\n
\n

\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 “\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628”.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0645 400 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a”.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0647\u0648\u062a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0635\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u0648\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u062b\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0641\u0631\u0639\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643\u061f<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u062e\u0637\u0641 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
\n

\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0641\u0641\u064a 2 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\/\u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1972\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 701 \u0645\u0639 98 \u0631\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 7 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u062c\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0648.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/div>\n
\n

\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0647\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0631 “\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0641” \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0648\u0623\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0631\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\"\u062c\u064a\u0646<\/div>\n

\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c<\/span>MELVIN MCNAIR <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c <\/span>\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0631<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a 31 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\/\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1972 \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0632\u0648\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u064a\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0641 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0631\u0642\u0645 84 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 86 \u0631\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/div>\n
\n

\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0637\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0632\u0639\u062c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0648\u0623\u0635\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 “.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/div>\n
\n

\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0637\u064f\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u062d\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0631: “\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0621\u060c\u0641\u0623\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629”.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0648\u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627: “\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0633\u064a\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0646\u064f\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0642\u062f \u0646\u0641\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631”.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\"\u0625\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062f\u062c<\/div>\n

\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c<\/span>GETTY IMAGES <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c <\/span>\u0625\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062f\u062c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0631 (\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n
\n

\u0648\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u064a\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0632\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1974\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0634\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u0623\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1976\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064f\u062c\u0632\u0648\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u0635\u0641.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/div>\n
\n

\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0623\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627. \u0648\u062d\u064f\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0646 5 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0644\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0646 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0631\u062c\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648\/ \u0622\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1980 \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0644\u0645 \u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u0645 8 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\"\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d<\/div>\n

\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c<\/span>MELVIN MCNAIR <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c <\/span>\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u062c\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1980 \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0644\u0645 \u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u0645 8 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0642\u064f\u062a\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633\/\u0622\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1989 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0625\u0644\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0648\u062d\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0632\u0648\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u062b\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a\u062a \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0628\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\"\u0625\u0644\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c<\/div>\n

\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c<\/span>GETTY IMAGES <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c <\/span>\u0625\u0644\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0632\u0648\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u062b\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1968<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n
\n

\u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u062d\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1965\u060c \u0641\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0632\u0644\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u061f<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631\/\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u062a\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0648\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1965\u060c \u062a\u0632\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0631\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0645 \u0625\u0643\u0633\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0648\u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u064f\u062a\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0645 \u0625\u0643\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0641\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/div>\n
\n

\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0638\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0633\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a “\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u064a \u0622\u064a”\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a 21 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631\/\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 1965 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0648\u064a\u0632\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0645 \u0625\u0643\u0633 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u0649\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0623.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u062f \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u062a \u0631\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u062e\u0648\u0641\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0645 \u0625\u0643\u0633: “\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0647\u064a\u0628\u0629”.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\"\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628<\/div>\n

\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c<\/span>GETTY IMAGES\u00a0 <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c <\/span>\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 “\u062d\u062c\u0628\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629” \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0643\u0633<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n
\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2020\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0633\u0646\u0633 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062c\u0643\u062a (\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0623.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631\/\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0631\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0643\u0633\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1965.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u062c\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0646 \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0648\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0632 \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0628\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0642\u064f\u062a\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644 56 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 39 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0648\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u063a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\/\u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631 1966.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0648\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0628\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2009.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0625\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
\n

\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1966 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0637\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0648 \u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/div>\n
\n

\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0634 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1990\u060c \u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0648\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0631\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\"\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0648\u062f<\/div>\n

\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c<\/span>GETTY IMAGES<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0622\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0632.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0648\u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1998\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u0643\u0627\u063a\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0645\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 49 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062c\u0631\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0634\u0627\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 3 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0648 \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0633 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1998.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/world-59620020<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631\/\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1969 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0632\u0628…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":39192,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"video","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[31,44,51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-39190","post","type-post","status-publish","format-video","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-31","category-44","category-51","post_format-post-format-video"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 - AAH.JZR<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/ar\/\u0642\u0635\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628-\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a-\u0644\u062c\u0623-\u0632\u0639\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 - AAH.JZR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631\/\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1969 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0632\u0628…\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/ar\/\u0642\u0635\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628-\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a-\u0644\u062c\u0623-\u0632\u0639\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"AAH.JZR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/jazairhope\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-12-12T11:35:40+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/maxresdefault-15.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1280\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"720\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Hope Jzr\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Hope Jzr\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"12 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jazairhope.org\\\/ar\\\/%d9%82%d8%b5%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b2%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b0%d9%8a-%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%a3-%d8%b2%d8%b9\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jazairhope.org\\\/ar\\\/%d9%82%d8%b5%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b2%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b0%d9%8a-%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%a3-%d8%b2%d8%b9\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Hope Jzr\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jazairhope.org\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/0b50f60fad840cf92313307e38c9d20d\"},\"headline\":\"\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-12-12T11:35:40+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jazairhope.org\\\/ar\\\/%d9%82%d8%b5%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b2%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b0%d9%8a-%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%a3-%d8%b2%d8%b9\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":22,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jazairhope.org\\\/ar\\\/%d9%82%d8%b5%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b2%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b0%d9%8a-%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%a3-%d8%b2%d8%b9\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jazairhope.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/12\\\/maxresdefault-15.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629\",\"\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\",\"\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629\"],\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/jazairhope.org\\\/ar\\\/%d9%82%d8%b5%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b2%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b0%d9%8a-%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%a3-%d8%b2%d8%b9\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jazairhope.org\\\/ar\\\/%d9%82%d8%b5%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b2%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b0%d9%8a-%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%a3-%d8%b2%d8%b9\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jazairhope.org\\\/ar\\\/%d9%82%d8%b5%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b2%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b0%d9%8a-%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%a3-%d8%b2%d8%b9\\\/\",\"name\":\"\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 - AAH.JZR\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jazairhope.org\\\/fr\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jazairhope.org\\\/ar\\\/%d9%82%d8%b5%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b2%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b0%d9%8a-%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%a3-%d8%b2%d8%b9\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jazairhope.org\\\/ar\\\/%d9%82%d8%b5%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b2%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b0%d9%8a-%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%a3-%d8%b2%d8%b9\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jazairhope.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/12\\\/maxresdefault-15.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-12-12T11:35:40+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jazairhope.org\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/0b50f60fad840cf92313307e38c9d20d\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jazairhope.org\\\/ar\\\/%d9%82%d8%b5%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b2%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b0%d9%8a-%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%a3-%d8%b2%d8%b9\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/jazairhope.org\\\/ar\\\/%d9%82%d8%b5%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b2%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b0%d9%8a-%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%a3-%d8%b2%d8%b9\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jazairhope.org\\\/ar\\\/%d9%82%d8%b5%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b2%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b0%d9%8a-%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%a3-%d8%b2%d8%b9\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jazairhope.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/12\\\/maxresdefault-15.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jazairhope.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/12\\\/maxresdefault-15.jpg\",\"width\":1280,\"height\":720},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jazairhope.org\\\/ar\\\/%d9%82%d8%b5%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b2%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b0%d9%8a-%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%a3-%d8%b2%d8%b9\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Accueil\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jazairhope.org\\\/ar\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jazairhope.org\\\/fr\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jazairhope.org\\\/fr\\\/\",\"name\":\"AAH.JZR\",\"description\":\"Environment, Health, Science, Art, Economics\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jazairhope.org\\\/fr\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"ar\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jazairhope.org\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/0b50f60fad840cf92313307e38c9d20d\",\"name\":\"Hope Jzr\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/0a42f66f14ba94b77f351f3bb2f3b9389c4063acb1697ffb32f5d3944782d3e7?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/0a42f66f14ba94b77f351f3bb2f3b9389c4063acb1697ffb32f5d3944782d3e7?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/0a42f66f14ba94b77f351f3bb2f3b9389c4063acb1697ffb32f5d3944782d3e7?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Hope Jzr\"},\"description\":\"\u00c0 propos de Hope&ChaDia Hope&ChaDia n\u2019est pas un pseudonyme, mais une m\u00e9thode de travail. Hope : l\u2019id\u00e9e, l\u2019esprit, la structure, la vision. C\u2019est l\u2019impulsion humaine qui choisit l\u2019angle, trace la ligne \u00e9ditoriale et donne le sens. ChaDia : l\u2019assistante, qui met en forme, d\u00e9veloppe, affine le style et v\u00e9rifie les faits. Une aide technologique qui amplifie mais ne cr\u00e9e pas. Ensemble, Hope&ChaDia produisent des textes hybrides : profond\u00e9ment humains dans leur inspiration, rigoureux et pr\u00e9cis dans leur r\u00e9alisation. . . SUPPORTEZ JAZAIRHOPE ET FAITES CONNA\u00ceTRE LE PATRIMOINE ET L\u2019HISTOIRE DE L\u2019ALG\u00c9RIE, EN ACHETANT LE LIVRE DE JAZAIRHOPE POUR VOUS OU POUR L\u2019OFFRIR A VOS PROCHES, ICI : https:\\\/\\\/jazairhope.org\\\/fr\\\/ebook\\\/ CEUX EN ALG\u00c9RIE ET CEUX QUI PEUVENT PAS L\u2019ACHETER ON OFFRE UNE COPIE DIGITALE GRATUITE, POUR CELA ENVOYEZ UN EMAIL \u00c0 : INFO@JAZAIRHOPE.ORG\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jazairhope.org\\\/ar\\\/author\\\/hope-jazair\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 - AAH.JZR","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/ar\/\u0642\u0635\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628-\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a-\u0644\u062c\u0623-\u0632\u0639\/","og_locale":"ar_AR","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 - AAH.JZR","og_description":"\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631\/\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1969 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0632\u0628…","og_url":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/ar\/\u0642\u0635\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628-\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a-\u0644\u062c\u0623-\u0632\u0639\/","og_site_name":"AAH.JZR","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/jazairhope","article_published_time":"2021-12-12T11:35:40+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1280,"height":720,"url":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/maxresdefault-15.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Hope Jzr","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Hope Jzr","Est. reading time":"12 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/ar\/%d9%82%d8%b5%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b2%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b0%d9%8a-%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%a3-%d8%b2%d8%b9\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/ar\/%d9%82%d8%b5%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b2%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b0%d9%8a-%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%a3-%d8%b2%d8%b9\/"},"author":{"name":"Hope Jzr","@id":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/0b50f60fad840cf92313307e38c9d20d"},"headline":"\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631","datePublished":"2021-12-12T11:35:40+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/ar\/%d9%82%d8%b5%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b2%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b0%d9%8a-%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%a3-%d8%b2%d8%b9\/"},"wordCount":22,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/ar\/%d9%82%d8%b5%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b2%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b0%d9%8a-%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%a3-%d8%b2%d8%b9\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/maxresdefault-15.jpg","articleSection":["\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629","\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b","\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629"],"inLanguage":"ar","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/ar\/%d9%82%d8%b5%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b2%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b0%d9%8a-%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%a3-%d8%b2%d8%b9\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/ar\/%d9%82%d8%b5%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b2%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b0%d9%8a-%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%a3-%d8%b2%d8%b9\/","url":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/ar\/%d9%82%d8%b5%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b2%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b0%d9%8a-%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%a3-%d8%b2%d8%b9\/","name":"\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 - AAH.JZR","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/ar\/%d9%82%d8%b5%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b2%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b0%d9%8a-%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%a3-%d8%b2%d8%b9\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/ar\/%d9%82%d8%b5%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b2%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b0%d9%8a-%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%a3-%d8%b2%d8%b9\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/maxresdefault-15.jpg","datePublished":"2021-12-12T11:35:40+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/0b50f60fad840cf92313307e38c9d20d"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/ar\/%d9%82%d8%b5%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b2%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b0%d9%8a-%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%a3-%d8%b2%d8%b9\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ar","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/ar\/%d9%82%d8%b5%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b2%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b0%d9%8a-%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%a3-%d8%b2%d8%b9\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ar","@id":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/ar\/%d9%82%d8%b5%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b2%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b0%d9%8a-%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%a3-%d8%b2%d8%b9\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/maxresdefault-15.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/maxresdefault-15.jpg","width":1280,"height":720},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/ar\/%d9%82%d8%b5%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b2%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b0%d9%8a-%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%a3-%d8%b2%d8%b9\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Accueil","item":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/ar\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/","name":"AAH.JZR","description":"Environment, Health, Science, Art, Economics","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"ar"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/0b50f60fad840cf92313307e38c9d20d","name":"Hope Jzr","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ar","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0a42f66f14ba94b77f351f3bb2f3b9389c4063acb1697ffb32f5d3944782d3e7?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0a42f66f14ba94b77f351f3bb2f3b9389c4063acb1697ffb32f5d3944782d3e7?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0a42f66f14ba94b77f351f3bb2f3b9389c4063acb1697ffb32f5d3944782d3e7?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Hope Jzr"},"description":"\u00c0 propos de Hope&ChaDia Hope&ChaDia n\u2019est pas un pseudonyme, mais une m\u00e9thode de travail. Hope : l\u2019id\u00e9e, l\u2019esprit, la structure, la vision. C\u2019est l\u2019impulsion humaine qui choisit l\u2019angle, trace la ligne \u00e9ditoriale et donne le sens. ChaDia : l\u2019assistante, qui met en forme, d\u00e9veloppe, affine le style et v\u00e9rifie les faits. Une aide technologique qui amplifie mais ne cr\u00e9e pas. Ensemble, Hope&ChaDia produisent des textes hybrides : profond\u00e9ment humains dans leur inspiration, rigoureux et pr\u00e9cis dans leur r\u00e9alisation. . . SUPPORTEZ JAZAIRHOPE ET FAITES CONNA\u00ceTRE LE PATRIMOINE ET L\u2019HISTOIRE DE L\u2019ALG\u00c9RIE, EN ACHETANT LE LIVRE DE JAZAIRHOPE POUR VOUS OU POUR L\u2019OFFRIR A VOS PROCHES, ICI : https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/ebook\/ CEUX EN ALG\u00c9RIE ET CEUX QUI PEUVENT PAS L\u2019ACHETER ON OFFRE UNE COPIE DIGITALE GRATUITE, POUR CELA ENVOYEZ UN EMAIL \u00c0 : INFO@JAZAIRHOPE.ORG","url":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/ar\/author\/hope-jazair\/"}]}},"views":274,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39190","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/50"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=39190"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39190\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/39192"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=39190"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=39190"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=39190"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}