{"id":21027,"date":"2021-06-22T12:22:21","date_gmt":"2021-06-22T12:22:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/?p=21027"},"modified":"2021-06-22T12:22:21","modified_gmt":"2021-06-22T12:22:21","slug":"algeria-the-dark-side-of-french-intelligence-services-during-the-war","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/en\/algeria-the-dark-side-of-french-intelligence-services-during-the-war\/","title":{"rendered":"Algeria: The dark side of French intelligence services during the war"},"content":{"rendered":"

By\u00a0Farid Alilat\u00a0 theafricareport.com<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Just as Algeria and France are undertaking a joint effort to preserve the historical legacy of the Algerian War, a recently released book reveals details about the clandestine operations carried out by French intelligence services.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Targeted killings, clandestine operations, orchestrated eliminations and acts of sabotage: the French secret services used all sorts of spy games to take out National Liberation Front (FLN) leaders, lawyers committed to defending the independence cause and arms dealers during the Algerian War (1954-1962).<\/p>\n

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Released in an expanded paperback edition this past September, journalist Vincent Nouzille\u2019s\u00a0Les tueurs de la R\u00e9publique : assassinats et op\u00e9rations sp\u00e9ciales des services secrets<\/em>\u00a0<\/strong>(The Killers of the Republic: Assassinations and Special Operations of the French Secret Services) confronts the dark side of France\u2019s counterespionage agency.<\/p>\n

During a combat that lasted seven and a half years,<\/strong>\u00a0nearly 200 people were reportedly assassinated as part of these operations, although this number is difficult to verify given their highly confidential nature.<\/p>\n

Raymond Muelle, a member of the commando unit tasked with such operations and who himself took part in a number of killings, described the chain of command to the author as follows:\u00a0\u201cThe homo [homocide] operations were directed by Matignon,<\/strong>\u00a0the seat of the prime minister, which relayed instructions to the External Documentation and Counterespionage Service [SDECE]. But it was Jacques Foccart over at the \u00c9lys\u00e9e who was calling the shots.\u201d<\/p>\n

A booby-trapped radio set airdropped in Aur\u00e8s, Algeria<\/h3>\n

SDECE\u2019s armed wing, the 11th Shock Parachutist Battalion, was deployed in Algeria shortly after the beginning of the war, in November 1954. One of the first missions it was tasked with was to\u00a0take out Mostefa Ben Bouala\u00efd, a founder of the FLN<\/strong>\u00a0and insurgent leader in Aur\u00e8s. In the spring of 1956, a member of the 11th unit was dispatched to this area, reputed to be impenetrable.<\/p>\n

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Ben Boulaid Mostefa<\/p><\/div>

Standing, from left to right: Rabah Bitat, Mustapha Benboula\u00efd, Mourad Didouche and Mohamed Boudiaf. Seated: Krim Belkacem, left, and Larbi Ben M\u2019hidi, right.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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But how could the elusive Ben Boula\u00efd be reached?<\/strong>\u00a0The 11th Shock Parachutist Battalion team decided to airdrop a radio set \u2013 one that had been booby-trapped in advance by operatives from SDECE\u2019s Action Service \u2013 in the mountainous region where the rebel leader was based.<\/p>\n

Picked up by members of the Maquis [Algerian guerrillas], the device was taken to Ben Boula\u00efd\u2019s HQ. A few days later, while the revolution leader was trying to get the radio to work, the parcel exploded, killing him instantly along with two deputies.<\/p>\n

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This was the French secret services\u2019 first major \u201chomo\u201d operation against the FLN and its supporters, both in Algeria and abroad. It was the harbinger of other stunts, as clandestine and spectacular as the first, to come.<\/p>\n

A list of 30-odd names was drawn up with the approval of the \u00c9lys\u00e9e<\/strong>\u00a0and in coordination with Matignon and the SDECE. It included German and Swiss arms dealers, FLN lawyers, prominent foreign FLN supporters and Algerian authorities based out of Morocco, Tunisia and Europe.<\/p>\n

Collateral damage<\/h3>\n

In the thick of the Algerian War, the French intelligence services\u2019 primary targets were dealers and traffickers supplying the FLN with weapons and munitions. Three such men were hunted down for years with the express purpose of neutralising them.<\/p>\n

A former Gestapo member based out of Yugoslavia,<\/strong>\u00a0the German national Wilhelm Beisner sold weapons in the Arab world and divided his business dealings between Cairo, Damascus and Munich. The FLN was part of his customer portfolio and he oversaw the training of Algerian recruits in camps in Egypt.<\/p>\n

When SDECE agents ordered him to suspend his business dealings, he did little to heed their warnings, referring to the threats as something out of a \u201cbad novel\u201d.<\/p>\n

But the French secret agents weren\u2019t fooling around.\u00a0In June 1957, Action Service operatives<\/strong>\u00a0planted an explosive device in Beisner\u2019s Munich residence. He lost both legs in the attack, but miraculously survived after undergoing surgery.<\/p>\n

Otto Schl\u00fcter almost had the same fate.<\/strong>\u00a0On paper, this German citizen was an armourer for the State of Hamburg. But in the SDECE\u2019s eyes, Schl\u00fcter was also a supplier of the Algerian Maquis. In September 1956, his office complex was bombed; one of his employees died in the explosion.<\/p>\n

He continued to receive warnings after the attack, including a small wooden coffin with the following message inside: \u201cBeware! Second and final warning. Immediately cease your foul business.\u201d<\/p>\n

On 3 June 1957, his Mercedes exploded as he entered the car alongside his mother and daughter. His mother was killed instantly and his daughter injured. He survived the attack with just minor injuries. One year later, he escaped another attempt on his life disguised as a car accident.<\/p>\n

\u2018La Main Rouge\u2019, an SDECE proxy<\/h3>\n

The German police were entrusted with the investigations<\/strong>\u00a0into these mysterious attacks and groped in the dark for several months before the judiciary was able to name the guilty parties and backers.<\/p>\n

In April 1959, the public prosecutor of Frankfurt openly accused the organisation\u00a0\u201cLa Main Rouge\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0[The Red Hand] of being behind the attacks and made it clear that the terrorist group was presumably working with the French secret services.<\/p>\n

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Created in Morocco in the early 1950s with a membership supposedly<\/strong>\u00a0comprising colons ultra [ultra-colonists], \u201cLa Main Rouge\u201d was in reality an SDECE proxy. According to the German prosecutor, the organisation had carried out 10 attacks in Europe since 1956. Six were committed within the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany), including one incident involving the murder of a young Kabylia-born lawyer.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n

A representative of the FLN in West Germany, the lawyer Ameziane A\u00eft Ahc\u00e8ne was suspected of being part of an arms trafficking ring operating on German soil. On 5 November 1958, in Bonn, his car was sprayed with bullets. He would die a few months later as a result of his injuries, at the age of 28. Once again, the attack bore the mark of \u201cLa Main Rouge\u201d.<\/p>\n

Brothels and arms trafficking<\/h3>\n

Marcel L\u00e9opold made his fortune running brothels and opium dens, among other businesses, in China in the 1930s, before he returned home to Switzerland to work in the arms trade,\u00a0selling weapons to the FLN.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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FILE – In this May 27, 1956 file photo, French troops seal off Algiers’ notorious casbah, 400-year-old teeming Arab quarter. French President Emmanuel Macron has formally recognized that the French state was responsible for the death of a dissident mathematician in Algeria in 1957, admitting for the first time the French military’s “system” of torture during Algeria’s independence war. (AP Photo)\/XPAR101\/18256476484078\/MAY 27 1956 FILE PHOTO\/1809131519<\/p><\/div>

<\/figcaption>Once located by the SDECE, one of its agents used a blowgun made by the SDECE\u2019s Technical Service team out of a bicycle pump equipped with a firing pin. On 19 September 1957,\u00a0this weapon was used to shoot a poisoned dart i<\/strong>nto L\u00e9opold\u2019s armpit, killing him. The Swiss national delivered explosives to the Algerian Maquis through another arms dealer, Georg Puchert, a German originally from Latvia.<\/figure>\n

Nicknamed Captain Morris,\u00a0Puchert got rich from cigarette smuggling before shifting over to the arms trade,<\/strong>\u00a0transporting weapons via his small fleet of boats. One of his bases was none other than Morocco, which housed the top brass of the National Liberation Army (ALN) during the war.<\/p>\n

Of course, Puchert ended up in the cross-hairs of the French secret services, who blew up four of his boats in Morocco, Germany and Belgium. But it wasn\u2019t enough to scare Captain Morris.<\/p>\n

Built like a nightclub bouncer,<\/strong>\u00a0smarter than average and with a reputation as a daring, cutthroat businessman, Puchert was such an important figure in the arms trade that he attended a meeting in Tunis held in 1956 by Krim Belkacem, one of the most significant leaders of the Algerian Revolution, as he would later serve as chief negotiator of the March 1962 \u00c9vian Accords that brought an end to 132 years of French occupation of Algeria.<\/p>\n

On 3 March 1959, Puchert\u2019s Mercedes 190 exploded in Frankfurt, killing him instantly.\u00a0SDECE operatives had planted a car bomb the previous day.<\/strong>\u00a0One year before his murder, he received a coffin-shaped parcel as a warning. In 2006, 44 years after Algeria\u2019s 1962 independence, Puchert\u2019s remains were repatriated to Algeria where he was interred as a martyr. When he was alive, his dream was to lead Algeria\u2019s merchant navy.<\/p>\n

A hit list of lawyers<\/h3>\n

Arms dealers and traffickers weren\u2019t the only targets on French secret agents\u2019 hit list.<\/strong>\u00a0A group of lawyers who were very active in France and supportive of the Algerian cause, including among its ranks Mourad Oussedik, Mohamed Ben Abdallah, Mokhtar Ould Aoudia and Jacques Verg\u00e8s, was also in the sights of the French authorities.<\/p>\n

The list of lawyers to monitor and kill off was drawn up by the head of the SDECE and signed off by Jacques Foccart, the secret mastermind behind General Charles de Gaulle\u2019s Algeria policy who would serve as the \u201cMr Africa\u201d of French presidents for decades.<\/p>\n

Mokhtar Ould Aoudia, a student of the White Fathers and married to a Frenchwoman, was one of a number of distinguished lawyers representing FLN activists in France. Like other members of the group,\u00a0he received several threats via letter with a brief promise: \u201cYOU WILL DIE\u201d.<\/strong>\u00a0On 21 May 1959, a hit man entered Aoudia\u2019s Paris office and shot him in the heart. The lawyers Oussedik and Ben Abdallah were also supposed to be taken out that night, but they managed to shake off the hitmen sent to slay them.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

By\u00a0Farid Alilat\u00a0 theafricareport.com Just as Algeria and France are undertaking a joint effort to preserve the historical legacy of the Algerian War,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":70,"featured_media":21034,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[15,4,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21027","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-algeria","category-featured-articles","category-historyheritage"],"yoast_head":"\nAlgeria: The dark side of French intelligence services during the war - AAH.JZR<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/en\/algeria-the-dark-side-of-french-intelligence-services-during-the-war\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Algeria: The dark side of French intelligence services during the war - 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