{"id":24014,"date":"2021-07-17T19:27:05","date_gmt":"2021-07-17T19:27:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/?p=24014"},"modified":"2021-07-17T19:27:05","modified_gmt":"2021-07-17T19:27:05","slug":"as-algerias-revolutionaries-fade-away-the-iconic-milk-bar-bomber-looks-back-without-regret","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/en\/as-algerias-revolutionaries-fade-away-the-iconic-milk-bar-bomber-looks-back-without-regret\/","title":{"rendered":"As Algeria\u2019s revolutionaries fade away, the iconic Milk Bar bomber looks back without regret"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Zohra Drif, 86, in her son\u2019s home in Algiers on June 14. She set off a bomb in the Milk Bar in Algiers in 1956 and acted as a militant for Algeria\u2019s National Liberation Front in the struggle for independence from France. (Siobh\u00e1n O\u2019Grady\/The Washington Post)<\/em><\/h6>\n

ALGIERS- To passersby, she would have appeared unremarkable: a young Frenchwoman enjoying a peach Melba at an ice cream parlor downtown.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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But the woman who sat down in the Milk Bar in Algiers on Sept. 30, 1956, was a clandestine member of the Algerian resistance fighting for independence from France. Inside the beach bag she tucked by her feet was a bomb.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n

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The explosion that Zohra Drif, then 21, set off in Algiers that day killed at least three people, wounded dozens and marked a major turning point in Algeria\u2019s struggle for independence.<\/div>\n
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Algeria\u2019s revolutionaries, who rose up against the French military and ultimately forced France to cede control of the country, captured the world\u2019s attention, and their success became one of the high points of efforts across much of Africa to shake off European colonialism.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Today, that revolutionary generation is rapidly fading away. Drif is among the dwindling number who remain and one of the most iconic.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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At 86, she moves softly and wears wire-rimmed glasses, her light hair cut close to her ears. Decades have passed since she and her friends moved between hideouts in the winding streets of the casbah of Algiers, where freedom fighters once organized in secret. But Drif can still recall in remarkable detail the events that would forever shape not only her future but that of her country.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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The bombing of the Milk Bar, frequented by French settlers, aimed \u201cto create in the civilian French population the same panic\u201d that Algerians were experiencing, she said in an interview at her son\u2019s home in the Algerian capital last month. The Europeans \u201cwere so overprotected, it was as if there wasn\u2019t a war. .\u2009.\u2009. And we had to tell them: The war is everywhere. It\u2019s not only for us, it\u2019s also for the French,\u201d she said, expressing no regrets.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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The French considered Algeria part of France, and around a million Europeans had settled there by the time war broke out. \u201cIf we look to the period of decolonization, settler colonies in the world are the most violent and the hardest to decolonize,\u201d said Jennifer Sessions, a University of Virginia historian.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Although the war began in 1954 and was fought across rural Algeria, the September 1956 attacks marked the beginning of a tumultuous new period in the capital.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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The explosive that Drif planted was one of three bombs placed by Algerian women in Algiers that day \u2014 a series of coordinated terrorist attacks that enraged and terrified Europeans in the city. The French military spent the following year identifying and dismantling cells of fighters and supporters of the independence movement. Thousands were rounded up and detained, including Drif. Many were tortured\u00a0or killed \u2014 and many others disappeared entirely.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Drif had made for a somewhat unlikely militant.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Born in 1934 in western Algeria, she grew up in the French educational system but understood from a young age that in the eyes of the French, she would always be regarded as an other in her own land, she recounts in her memoir, \u201cInside the Battle of Algiers: Memoir of a Woman Freedom Fighter.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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An exceptional student, she eventually moved for her studies to Algiers, where she was one of only a handful of Algerians at her boarding school. There, she met Samia Lakhdari, who would become her closest friend and later her co-conspirator in the resistance. Lakhdari died in 2012.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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\u201cKnowing everything that had happened in our country, it was clear for us there was no option but an armed struggle, and that we had to confront the French, and with violence,\u201d Drif recalled.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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The young women\u2019s immersion in French school and ability to blend into European neighborhoods made them ideal candidates for undercover work on behalf of the movement.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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On the same evening in 1956 that Drif planted a bomb in the Milk Bar, Lakhdari and her mother posed as Frenchwomen and placed a bomb in a popular cafe. Another female combatant, Djamila Bouhired, planted a third bomb in an Air France office the same day, but it failed to detonate. The victims included children, some of whom required amputations due to the severity of their injuries.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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A framed photo of Drif, then 22, immediately following her arrest in September 1957, on display in her son\u2019s home in Algiers. (Siobh\u00e1n O\u2019Grady\/The Washington Post)<\/em><\/h6>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Before the explosion, Drif managed to exit the ice cream bar unnoticed. But she was still close enough to feel the blast a few minutes later. In a panic, she went to the home of a family friend, a Frenchwoman who had no idea Drif was behind the attacks, she recalled.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Drif played dumb as the woman expressed her anxiety over the explosions. Then she rushed to return to Lakhdari\u2019s house.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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\u201cThe instructions were not just to drop the bomb, and to leave before it exploded, but to not get arrested,\u201d she said. \u201cWe had to come back, because if we were arrested, it would practically have been a failure.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Their attacks were famously depicted in \u201cThe Battle of Algiers,\u201d an acclaimed 1966 film directed by Gillo Pontecorvo that reenacts some of the critical moments of the Algerian resistance in the capital and the French crackdown. The film, considered controversial in France, was temporarily banned by authorities there.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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After the bombing, Drif continued to work in secret for the armed wing of the National Liberation Front, or FLN, which would go on to become the country\u2019s ruling party after independence.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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She was arrested at a hideout in the casbah in 1957 but freed five years later, when Algeria declared independence in 1962, sparking the mass exodus of Europeans from the country.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Drif went on to marry Rabah Bitat, one of the masterminds of the independence movement and later a prominent politician and interim president of Algeria. She worked as a lawyer and eventually became the vice president of Algeria\u2019s senate. The couple also raised three children before he died in 2000.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Two years ago, when an enormous wave of peaceful, anti-government protests swept Algiers, Drif said she felt as if the youth of Algeria had \u201cpicked back up the torch\u201d from her generation.<\/p>\n

Unemployment was spiking and frustration was running high with the longtime president, Abdelaziz Bouteflika, himself a veteran of the independence struggle, and his network of powerful military officials, businesspeople and politicians \u2014 known as Le Pouvoir, or the Power. Drif said she saw the protests as proof that the new generation was \u201cprofoundly attached to their country.\u201d Bouteflika was ultimately forced to resign.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Algeria\u2019s newly appointed prime minister, Ayman Benabderrahmane, tested positive for covid-19, Algerian state TV said Saturday. He will quarantine, but continue work virtually, the report said.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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For Drif, the passion that younger Algerians displayed left her feeling more heartened about the country\u2019s future.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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They \u201cwere fighting for the same principles we fought for, meaning a country that is governed by its children,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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By : Siobh\u00e1n O’Grady , July 9, 2021|Updated July 10, 2021<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zohra Drif, 86, in her son\u2019s home in Algiers on June 14. 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