{"id":25192,"date":"2021-07-27T10:35:23","date_gmt":"2021-07-27T10:35:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/?p=25192"},"modified":"2021-07-27T10:35:56","modified_gmt":"2021-07-27T10:35:56","slug":"as-algerians-push-france-to-open-its-colonial-archives-the-family-of-a-man-who-vanished-long-ago-yearns-for-answers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/en\/as-algerians-push-france-to-open-its-colonial-archives-the-family-of-a-man-who-vanished-long-ago-yearns-for-answers\/","title":{"rendered":"As Algerians push France to open its colonial archives, the family of a man who vanished long ago yearns for answers"},"content":{"rendered":"
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ALGIERS \u2014 At the time of his arrest, Slimane Asselah left only a rectangular brown suitcase behind. Inside was a gray-checked suit, two hairbrushes, various paperwork and an identity photo showing his pensive face.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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For decades, these few belongings offered Asselah\u2019s children, Rachid and Samia, a rare glimpse into their father\u2019s life. The twins were just shy of 2 years old in 1957 when French troops seized Asselah, then 33, at the doctor\u2019s office where he worked in the casbah of Algiers. He never returned home.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n

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In the years that followed, his family appealed for information about his whereabouts, but to no avail. More recently, a historian uncovered in France a decades-old investigation into his case, but it did not reveal his fate.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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The Asselahs believe some answers may lie within archives kept in France, and just last week, French lawmakers\u00a0passed a controversial law that<\/a>, according to government officials, will ease access to certain archives. Families of thousands of Algerians who vanished during the war for independence hope this kind of movement could offer them a glimmer of hope.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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After the government of President Emmanuel Macron recently took steps to more fully acknowledge\u00a0abuses carried out by France<\/a>\u00a0during the colonial conflict, the Asselahs are eager to learn more about the case that has haunted their family for generations.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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\u201cThis is what we want to know: What did they do with his body?\u201d Rachid said in a recent interview in his family\u2019s home in the Algerian capital. \u201cDid they assassinate him? Did they toss him into the sea?\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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A French official said the government has \u201cput in place tools such as a digital guide on the disappeared, in French, English and Arabic, to facilitate the research of families who can then request copies of documents by a simple written letter.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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In Algiers, Rachid Asselah holds a portrait of his father, Slimane Asselah, who disappeared in French custody in 1957. His family recovered this now-enlarged identity photo from a suitcase of his that was returned to the family years later. (Siobhan O’Grady\/The Washington Post)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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But some historians argue the new legislation could in fact tighten access to certain archival documents, including some related to the Algerian war for independence. \u201cWe\u2019re not gaining any ground here,\u201d said Malika Rahal, a France-based historian who co-manages\u00a01000autres.org<\/a>, a project that has collected information regarding Algeria\u2019s disappeared, including Asselah.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Researchers further caution that navigating the immense archives is difficult even for professional historians, and that despite many families\u2019 hopes, they are unlikely to contain major revelations about specific cases. French officials probably did not regularly record evidence of events like extrajudicial killings, for example, several experts said.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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If such records do exist somewhere, they may be in former military officials\u2019 private notes, not necessarily in formal archives \u2014 making such documents very difficult to obtain.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Still, \u201cyou can\u2019t rule out the miracle\u201d that something will turn up in the archives, Rahal said. Alternating \u201cbetween hope and despair,\u201d she said, is \u201cpart of the condition of having a forced disappearance in your family.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Official acknowledgment<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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In March, Macron met with the grandchildren of Ali Boumendjel, a prominent Algerian lawyer and independence fighter, and acknowledged that he had been \u201ctortured and then killed\u201d by French troops in 1957. French authorities had long claimed he had killed himself.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Macron\u2019s statement on Boumendjel \u2014 paired with a recent high-profile report he commissioned on Algeria \u2014 contributed to a sense that France might finally be ready to confront its conduct in the Algerian war.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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But many of those who disappeared during the conflict were far less known than Boumendjel and their cases less celebrated, such as Asselah.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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He was born in January 1924 in a village about 85 miles from Algiers. His father sold land owned by the family to pay for his education, Rachid said, and Asselah eventually moved to Algiers, where he pursued a degree in medicine. Asselah was a student of the famed Martinique-born psychiatrist and political philosopher Frantz Fanon, and his academic research focused on dreams.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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In 1954, the same year the war broke out, he married his cousin, Baya. She gave birth to the twins the following year.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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As Algeria\u2019s revolutionaries fade away, the iconic Milk Bar bomber looks back without regret<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Asselah had been politically active in the prewar years, and once the conflict broke out, he began discreetly treating wounded members of the armed wing of the independence movement called the National Liberation Front (FLN), according to his family\u2019s account.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Rachid Asselah holds two of his father\u2019s hairbrushes that were recovered from his suitcase. The younger Asselah occasionally uses the brushes to feel closer to his father. (Siobhan O’Grady\/The Washington Post)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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In early 1957, while transporting an injured FLN militant in the back of a car, his family said, he saw French gendarmes installing a roadblock ahead. The car sped past them but the French military later linked him to the incident. He became one of many Algerians arrested in the capital during\u00a0the brutal period\u00a0<\/a>known as the Battle of Algiers. He was at one point recorded as having been liberated, his family said, but he never reappeared.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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An unsolved fate<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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The mystery surrounding their father\u2019s fate cast a shadow over the twins\u2019 upbringing, they said. Their mother struggled financially while living with their grandfather. Eventually, after Asselah was declared dead, she remarried. But she was never allowed a sense of closure in the case.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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\u201cThe problem is we never buried him,\u201d Rachid said. \u201cWe couldn\u2019t mourn his death.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Years after he disappeared, their mother crossed paths with a nurse who had worked in the same doctor\u2019s office as her husband. The nurse unexpectedly returned his brown suitcase to the family, explaining that she had held onto it following his arrest.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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When they opened it, his scent wafted out as they sorted through his belongings and wept. \u201cIt\u2019s all we kept,\u201d Rachid said of the items in the suitcase. \u201cThere was nothing else.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Both children went on to become doctors, \u201cwanting to follow in his path,\u201d Samia said. When Rachid\u2019s wife eventually gave birth to a son, they named him Slimane, after his missing grandfather.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Although decades have passed since their father\u2019s arrest, the Asselahs, like many Algerians still missing relatives who disappeared during the war, remain troubled. So far, Macron has recognized French responsibility only for the deaths of Boumendjel and Maurice Audin, a mathematician and pro-independence figure\u00a0who was tortured and disappeared<\/a>\u00a0in 1957.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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With a national election coming up next year in France, \u201cMacron has no interest in going very far\u201d in addressing French conduct in Algeria, said Fabrice Riceputi, the historian who co-manages 1000autres.org with Rahal and uncovered the old inquiry into Asselah\u2019s case. Revisiting colonial-era abuses remains very sensitive in France and the topic has previously riled Macron\u2019s political opponents.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Acknowledging responsibility for Boumendjel\u2019s death was \u201ca good step in the right direction, but really a very small step,\u201d said Riceputi.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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It has offered little satisfaction to Algerians, who widely view the conflict as \u201ccollectively experienced,\u201d said Natalya Vince, who teaches North African and French studies at the University of Portsmouth in England. \u201cThere are thousands of men, women and children who disappeared and no one ever heard anything about them ever again,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Rachid said he wants \u201call missing Algerians \u2026 to be recognized.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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In his family, the unresolved fate of their father means living with a constant sense of unease, Rachid said.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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\u201cWe are always waiting for something. .\u2009.\u2009. Waiting for a revelation, waiting for truth,\u201d he said. \u201cWhat became of our father. .\u2009.\u2009. Is there a place where he\u2019s buried? We don\u2019t know. And that\u2019s the problem.\u201d<\/p>\n

Source : https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/middle_east\/algeria-france-colonial-archives-asselah\/<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Image above : Rachid and Samia Asselah are held as babies. The twins were not yet 2 years old when their father was arrested in 1957. (Family photo)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":25194,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[15,14,11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25192","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-algeria","category-historyheritage","category-politics"],"yoast_head":"\nAs Algerians push France to open its colonial archives, the family of a man who vanished long ago yearns for answers - AAH.JZR<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/en\/as-algerians-push-france-to-open-its-colonial-archives-the-family-of-a-man-who-vanished-long-ago-yearns-for-answers\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"As Algerians push France to open its colonial archives, the family of a man who vanished long ago yearns for answers - AAH.JZR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Image above : Rachid and Samia Asselah are held as babies. 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