{"id":89769,"date":"2023-09-29T11:10:50","date_gmt":"2023-09-29T10:10:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/?p=89769"},"modified":"2023-09-29T14:36:02","modified_gmt":"2023-09-29T13:36:02","slug":"who-is-behind-trial-international-the-swiss-ngo-who-threatens-the-algerian-army","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/en\/who-is-behind-trial-international-the-swiss-ngo-who-threatens-the-algerian-army\/","title":{"rendered":"Who is behind “TRIAL International,” the Swiss NGO who threatens the Algerian army?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

The recent news from the land of Guillaume Tell reports the indictment of the former Algerian Minister of Defense, Khaled Nezzar, who served during the somber “Black Decade.” However, it is crucial to understand that it is not only the person of the minister targeted in this case, but, of course, the entire Algerian military institution.<\/p>\n

This Swiss Confederation, which, let’s not forget, collaborated willingly with the Nazi regime of the Third Reich, has some nerve[1]<\/a>. Not only does it harbor radical Islamists in its cantons, whose actions and those of their “ideological collaborators” have shed the blood of Algerians, but it also has the audacity to pursue the institution that put an end to their bloody atrocities against the Algerian population. That’s something!<\/p>\n

Continuing to read the news from the land of the Helvetians, we learn that this whole story is the work of a Swiss NGO (Non-Governmental Organization) called “TRIAL International”[2<\/a>].<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

But who is behind this organization with such a pompous name? Who funds it? Who are its leaders? It is to these few questions that we will try to answer.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

About NGOs in general and “human rights” NGOs in particular<\/strong><\/h3>\n

According to specialists, the proliferation of NGOs coincided with the rise of neoliberalism during the 1980s and 90s. The resulting austerity policies led governments to privatize certain areas they were supposed to oversee, particularly in the fields of food, environment, humanitarian emergencies, and human rights. However, over time, the latter domain has been heavily utilized to interfere in the internal affairs of targeted countries, especially those in the South, in order to foment “regime change.” Well-funded, trained, and used by Western and NATO countries, “human rights” NGOs have proliferated and thus serve as a politically deployable “Trojan Horse” according to well-established agendas. As an example, we remember very well the central role played by the Libyan League for Human Rights (LLHR), whose false reports served as the basis for the adoption of UN Security Council Resolution 1973, which led to the destruction of Libya[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

These “human rights” NGOs are funded by a myriad of Western organizations specialized in the (misleading) “export” of democracy, the most well-known of which are the NED (National Endowment for Democracy), the USAID (United States Agency for International Development), and the Open Society Foundations (OSF) of the highly controversial American billionaire George Soros[4]<\/a>. Although the ones mentioned are all American, the United States does not have the exclusive ownership of such organizations: other Western countries have also established them, as we will explain later.<\/p>\n

According to what is stated on their website[5]<\/a>, “TRIAL International is a Non-Governmental Organization that fights against impunity for international crimes and supports victims in their quest for justice.”<\/p>\n

However, for an organization to be qualified as an NGO (Non-Governmental Organization), it must meet the following five conditions:<\/p>\n

1. Its constitution must be of private origin.
\n2. Its action must be non-profit.
\n3. Its mission must be of public interest.
\n4. Its funding must be independent.
\n5. Its activity must be free from political dependence.<\/p>\n

Is this the case for “TRIAL International”? In the following, we will demonstrate that the answer is “no.”<\/p>\n

Funding for TRIAL International<\/strong><\/h3>\n

According to their official website, “TRIAL International” is subsidized by 18 private and institutional donors[6]<\/a>. These include six foundations, the NGO Amnesty International, the foreign affairs ministries of four countries (Switzerland, Great Britain, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg), the European Commission, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights of the United Nations, the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, the Taiwan Foundation for Democracy, the city of Geneva, the canton of Geneva, and a municipality within this canton.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n
Donors of TRIAL International<\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
United Nations Organization (1)<\/td>\n\n
    \n
  1. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights of the United Nations<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
NGO (1)<\/td>\n\n
    \n
  1. Amnesty International<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
European Governments (5)<\/td>\n\n
    \n
  1. European Commission<\/li>\n
  2. British Foreign and Commonwealth Office<\/li>\n
  3. Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs<\/li>\n
  4. Luxembourg Ministry of Foreign Affairs<\/li>\n
  5. Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
State Human Rights Organizations (2)<\/td>\n\n
    \n
  1. Taiwan Foundation for Democracy<\/li>\n
  2. Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Foundations (6)<\/td>\n\n
    \n
  1. Bay and Paul Foundations<\/li>\n
  2. Kvinna till Kvinna Foundation<\/li>\n
  3. Oak Foundation<\/li>\n
  4. Rockefeller Brothers Fund<\/li>\n
  5. Wellspring Philanthropic Fund<\/li>\n
  6. Stand Speak Rise Up<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Swiss Canton and Cities (3)<\/td>\n\n
    \n
  1. Canton of Geneva<\/li>\n
  2. City of Geneva<\/li>\n
  3. Municipality of Plan-les-Ouates<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

     <\/p>\n

    But it is by consulting the audit report of the financial statements for 2022<\/a> of this NGO (dated May 10, 2023) that we realize that some donors (some of whom are oddly anonymous) are not mentioned on their website. This notably includes the Open Society Foundations, whose collaboration one would certainly want to conceal given its notorious reputation. And this is not the first time: the 2015 tax report of the “Foundation to Promote Open Society,”<\/a> one of the foundations of OSF, also mentions “TRIAL International” as one of the recipients of its funding.<\/p>\n

    Many books have been dedicated to the concept of the “open society” advocated by George Soros. For an overview, one can refer to journalist Leandra Bernstein, who, in an in-depth article, explains that “George Soros’s actions and money have become instruments to dismantle the national sovereignty of states, filling the coffers of ‘philanthropic’ or ‘human rights’ organizations.” According to Soros, if a nation wanted to control its own natural resources or develop its economy and workforce through tariffs and regulations, it was considered a closed society. In fact, “any nation that rejects globalization (meaning free trade imperialism) is condemned in this regard and will be subject to attacks from Soros’s organizations”[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Thus, Soros does not fund “TRIAL International” to “fight against impunity for international crimes,” but rather to promote the “open society”[8]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Furthermore, the American billionaire works closely with the U.S. government and supports its foreign policy. His actions are often carried out in conjunction with the NED, which is considered the “legal face” of the CIA. It is within the framework of this active collaboration that the OSF was involved in the ”colored” revolutions[9]<\/a> and the Arab Spring[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Let’s now return to the donors of “TRIAL International” listed on their website and focus on 8 of them.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    Amnesty International (AI) presents itself as a humanitarian organization funded by its members, independent of any political ideology, economic interest, or religion[11]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Unfortunately, if one peruses the 2014 financial report of this organization, it becomes clear that it is far from financially independent. Indeed, it too is funded by the OSF<\/a>. This relationship has been mentioned by numerous observers and, as such, calls into question the impartiality that this organization boasts about[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    It is also worth noting that Amnesty International was involved in a resolution passed in November 2020 by the European Parliament against Algeria for “Deterioration of the human rights situation in Algeria”[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    But Amnesty International’s hostility towards Algeria goes back much further. Already in 1997, it complained of being prevented from attending the trial of Algerian lawyer Rachid Mesli[14]<\/a>, accused of belonging to a “terrorist group” and “encouraging terrorism.” Furthermore, in 2015, it declared: “Rachid Mesli has been adopted by Amnesty International as a prisoner of conscience”[15]<\/a>. And it is this same Rachid Mesli who, in 2023, is found behind the pursuit of “TRIAL International,” appearing on platforms of Islamist media openly hostile to Algeria[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    In a document dating back to 2007, we learn that Rachid Mesli “is a member of the Algerian League for the Defense of Human Rights [LADDH] and collaborates with many international organizations such as Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch”[17]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    It should be known that, much like Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch is funded by the OSF<\/a>. As for the LADDH, it has long been subsidized by the NED[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    To fully understand the role of Rachid Mesli, it is useful to remind the reader that he is a founding member and legal director of the Swiss-based foundation Al-Karama[19]<\/a>. The two other founding members are Abdulrahman Al Nuaimi and Abbas Aroua.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    The first, Abdulrahman Al Nuaimi, was designated by the U.S. Treasury as a “supporter of Al-Qaeda” and a “global terrorist” in 2013[20]<\/a>. Four years later, his name also appeared on a blacklist of “terrorists” supported by Qatar. This list was established by four Arab countries: Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, and Bahrain, accusing him of having ties with “terrorist organizations and sectarian groups seeking to destabilize the region, including the Muslim Brotherhood, ISIS (the Arabic acronym for the Islamic State group), and Al-Qaeda”[21]<\/a>.\u00a0Established in Switzerland and holding a Ph.D. in medical physics, Abbas Aroua also has high-level connections with radical Islamism[22]<\/a>, and even with international jihadism, as can be seen in the above photo: From right to left: Abbas Aroua, Rami Al-Dalati, and Abou Hafs Al Mauritani.<\/p>\n

    Syrian opposition figure, Rami Al-Dalati, is a Salafist[23]<\/a> closely tied to jihadist circles, particularly to Al Joulani[24]<\/a>, the founder and leader of Jabhat Al-Nusra and Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham. The latter was blacklisted as a “terrorist” figure by the U.S. government[25]<\/a>, and also by… the Swiss government[26]<\/a>!<\/p>\n

    Al-Dalati himself served as the head of the political bureau of “Jaysh Al-Tawhid”[27]<\/a>, an alliance of nine Syrian rebel groups supported by Jabhat Al-Nusra and Ahrar Al-Sham[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    The third person in the photo is none other than Abou Hafs Al Mauritani, Al-Qaeda’s mufti, a former number 3 in this terrorist organization, and a personal friend of Osama bin Laden[29]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    To sum up the situation, Rachid Mesli, defended by Amnesty International, is part of a group, through Al-Karama, that supports international jihadism from Swiss soil.\u00a0This explains the relentless pursuit against the Algerian military institution that fought against the bloody terrorism during the dark decade.<\/p>\n

    Yet, Amnesty International clearly stated in 1997:<\/p>\n

    “In recent years, the organization has continued to investigate the human rights situation and has consistently condemned abuses committed by both state security services and state-armed militias, as well as those committed by armed opposition groups that define themselves as ‘Islamic groups<\/em><\/strong>‘.”<\/p>\n

    Question to Amnesty International: Where did the second part of your statement go? Were the jihadist armed groups you defend simply on a sightseeing and hiking trip in the Algerian woods?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

    Before concluding this section, it should not be forgotten to mention that Mr. Mesli and Mr. Aroua are founding members of the Rachad movement (also based in Switzerland!) which includes some Algerian Islamists with a troubled past during the dark decade, as can be seen from an article in the Geneva daily newspaper (sic!) “Le Temps”[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    The article also mentions, among other things, their relationship with individuals who “have always refused to condemn the armed activities of the Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat (GSPC), which became Al-Qaeda in the Maghreb.”<\/p>\n

    In 2021, the Rachad movement was classified as a “terrorist organization” by the Algerian High Security Council.<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    “Explanatory organizational chart of the relationship between ‘TRIAL International’ and international jihadism.” for a better view please click on the image.<\/p>\n

    Bay and Paul\u00a0<\/strong>Foundations<\/strong><\/h4>\n

     <\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    “The second entity that provides grants to ‘TRIAL International’ is the Bay and Paul Foundations. It is an American organization specialized in funding education, arts, and the environment, but also has a focus on ‘civil society and human rights'[31]. In this specific field, this foundation collaborates with OSF and NED[32], and even with USAID and the U.S. Department of State[33].”<\/p>\n

    <\/h4>\n

    Kvinna till Kvinna Foundation<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    <\/p>\n

    “This foundation is a Swedish organization dedicated to the defense of women’s rights in conflict zones. Its action focuses on the MENA region (Middle East and North Africa), sub-Saharan Africa, Europe, and the South Caucasus[34]. Kvinna till Kvinna collaborates with OSF, as mentioned in the interesting document titled ’30 years: Open Society and its friends'[35]. Nevertheless, this feminist foundation is primarily funded by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA)[36], the Swedish equivalent of USAID, which will be discussed later. It’s worth noting in passing that Kvinna till Kvinna also receives funds from Switzerland via the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), which is under the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs[37].”<\/p>\n

    <\/h4>\n

    Oak Foundation<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    <\/strong><\/p>\n

    “The Oak Foundation is a humanitarian organization based in Geneva. Its areas of activity primarily encompass the environment, child abuse, learning differences, homelessness, and, of course, human rights. According to its 2022 annual report, this foundation funded 366 organizations in 35 countries for a total amount exceeding 481 million dollars[38].<\/p>\n

    In certain projects, the Oak Foundation collaborates with OSF and NED, as mentioned in the report by the media platform ‘openDemocracy'[39], and even with the U.S. Department of State, as in the case of the NGO ‘International Bridges to Justice'[40], or USAID for the funding of the NGO ‘The Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action'[41].<\/p>\n

    This is not surprising considering that the president of the Oak Foundation is Douglas M. Griffiths[42], a former U.S. diplomat who served in numerous countries, including Morocco. In 2009, he was chosen by President Obama to represent the United States to the United Nations Human Rights Council in Geneva. Then, in 2012, he was appointed U.S. Ambassador to Mozambique[43].”<\/p>\n

    <\/h4>\n

    Rockefeller Brothers Fund<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    <\/strong><\/p>\n

    “The Rockefeller Brothers Fund (RBF) is a foundation created and managed by members of the immensely wealthy Rockefeller family. It specializes in funding projects related to ‘democratic practice,’ ‘sustainable development,’ ‘peacebuilding,’ and ‘arts and culture'[44].<\/p>\n

    Much like the previous foundation, RBF regularly collaborates with OSF and NED, as seen in, for example, the NGO ‘Independent Diplomat'[45]. RBF also jointly funds certain organizations with USAID and the U.S. Department of State. This is the case with the network dedicated to investigative journalism, ‘The Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project’ (OCCRP)[46]. The names of the Oak and Bay and Paul foundations also appear in this context.<\/p>\n

    It’s worth noting that the cooperation between RBF and OSF (between the Rockefeller and Soros families) is very close, as evidenced by the list of partners published by OSF and the joint actions that followed the events of September 11, 2001[47].”<\/p>\n

    <\/h4>\n

    Wellspring Philanthropic Fund<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    <\/strong><\/p>\n

    “The Wellspring Philanthropic Fund is an American foundation whose mission is to support ‘the realization of human rights and social and economic justice for all'[48].<\/p>\n

    With 400 million dollars distributed annually in grants, it is considered one of the most influential philanthropic organizations in the United States, despite its low profile[49].<\/p>\n

    Numerous documents show that it collaborates with OSF[50] and\/or NED[51], as well as with USAID or the Department of State[52].”<\/p>\n

    <\/h4>\n

    Taiwan Foundation for Democracy<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    <\/strong><\/p>\n

    “The Taiwan Foundation for Democracy (TFD) is a foundation established in 2003 by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Taiwan to support the ‘promotion of democracy'[53], following the model of the NED[54]. The relationship between NED and TFD has always been exemplary. The creation of TFD was announced at an event organized by NED in 2002[55]. On the first anniversary of TFD, former president of NED, Carl Gershman, personally traveled to Taipei to attend. ‘NED looks forward to close collaboration with the Taiwanese Foundation for Democracy,’ he declared[56]. In 2018, fourteen years later, Carl Gershman returned to Taipei for the 15th anniversary of TFD, inaugurated by President of Taiwan, Tsai Ing-wen. In his speech on this occasion, the president of NED emphasized that ‘TFD was officially inaugurated on June 17, 2003, and our cooperation since then has been strong and continuous'[58].<\/p>\n

    In July 2023, the 20th anniversary of TFD was held in Taipei. On this occasion, the current president of NED, Damon Wilson, visited Taiwan to award the ‘Democracy Service Medal,’ a high distinction of NED, to President Tsai Ing-wen[59].<\/p>\n

    In addition to this strong relationship with NED, TFD also collaborates with the U.S. Department of State, as mentioned in their 2019 annual report[60].”<\/p>\n

    <\/h4>\n

    Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    <\/strong><\/p>\n

    “As previously stated, the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) is the Swedish counterpart of USAID. It is a government agency present in 35 countries across Africa, Asia, Latin America, and Europe. On its website, it states: ‘Our mission is in line with the national policy for global development, and we strive to reduce poverty worldwide. SIDA’s activities are funded by Swedish tax revenues'[61].<\/p>\n

    However, behind this very humanitarian statement, it must be acknowledged that SIDA’s action is very much oriented towards the ‘export’ of democracy, much like the American organizations mentioned earlier: NED, OSF, USAID, etc.<\/p>\n

    On this subject, the Swedish professor Johan Karlsson Schaffer provides an interesting perspective. In a highly relevant analysis, he poses the following question:<\/p>\n

    ‘How the promotion of democracy became a key objective of Swedish development aid policy'[62]. He observes that ‘among donor countries, Sweden stands out not only for the relatively high levels of its official development assistance (ODA), but also for the fact that a relatively large proportion of the ODA budget is dedicated to the promotion of democracy, human rights, and civil society’.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

    He goes on to say:<\/p>\n

    ‘Since the end of the Cold War, the previously purely symbolic official policy objective of promoting democratic development has become the cornerstone of Swedish ODA, widely shared by political parties and other stakeholders. Policymakers also frequently assert that Sweden \u2013 due to its own historical experiences in creating stable and peaceful forms of popular government \u2013 has a special mission to promote democracy, good governance, and human rights in less fortunate countries \u2013 a sort of national brand.’<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

    This mimicry with U.S. foreign policy results in an active synergy between SIDA and American organizations involved in the ‘export’ of democracy.”<\/p>\n

    “Examples are numerous, here are a few indicative ones:”<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    ONG<\/strong><\/td>\n“For the funding of these NGOs, SIDA collaborates with:”<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Saferworld[63]<\/sup><\/a><\/td>\nOSF,\u00a0USAID,\u00a0D\u00e9partement d\u2019\u00c9tat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Afrobarometer[64]<\/sup><\/a><\/td>\nOSF,\u00a0USAID,\u00a0NED<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Gender Alliance for Development Center[65]<\/sup><\/a><\/td>\nNED,\u00a0USAID<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    EuroMed Rights[66]<\/sup><\/a><\/td>\nOSF<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Arab Reporters for Investigative Journalism (ARIJ)[67]<\/sup><\/a><\/td>\nOSF,\u00a0NED<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

     <\/p>\n

    <\/a><\/p>\n

    “Detailed organizational chart of the relationships between ‘TRIAL International,’ its donors, and organizations involved in the ‘export’ of democracy.” (Click on the image to enlarge)<\/p>\n

    “The case of the ARIJ project is interesting for several reasons, as it is aimed at the Arab world and focuses on the field of journalism. In addition to OSF and NED, ARIJ also received funding from Canal France International (CFI) in the same year as Radio M in Algeria[68]. Accused of illicit foreign funding, Radio M was closed down[69], and its director was imprisoned[70]. It’s worth noting that CFI is an organization funded by the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs, known as the Quai d’Orsay.<\/p>\n

    This, of course, brings us to the role of SIDA in the ‘Arab Spring.’ In my work dedicated to this subject[71], I focused on American organizations involved in the ‘export’ of democracy because they are the most significant and organized on the ground. This does not mean that other countries were not involved, far from it. As evidence, SIDA is part of it.”<\/p>\n

    “For example, on October 26, 2011, SIDA organized a conference on online activism titled ‘Empowerment and Emancipation in the Middle East and North Africa'[72]. Prominent Arab cyber-activists who played a significant role in the ‘Arab Spring,’ such as the Tunisian Slim Amamou and the Bahraini Maryam Al-Khawaja<\/a>, were invited. Among the speakers was the hacktivist Jacob Applebaum, the public face of the TOR program.<\/a> As a reminder, TOR is software specifically designed for cyber-activists, allowing them to browse the internet anonymously and securely, bypassing state surveillance.<\/p>\n

    It was TOR that assisted Tunisian and Egyptian cyber-dissidents in bypassing government censorship during their respective uprisings[73]. During the Tunisian ‘Spring,’ Jacob Applebaum personally intervened to address the slow connections by launching a gateway specifically designed for Tunisians[74]. It’s worth noting that Applebaum was familiar with Arab cyber-activists, as he had met with them a few years earlier[75]. It’s also important to mention that this hacktivist is not at all unknown to SIDA, as this agency participates in funding the project jointly with the U.S. Department of State, the IRI (International Republican Institute – an affiliate of NED), and DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency)[76]. DARPA is an agency of the U.S. Department of Defense responsible for research and development of new technologies for military use[77]. TOR, a technology intended for military use? In the era of 4th Generation Warfare (G4G), one must believe it and come to terms with it. By the way, it’s worth mentioning that DARPA also funds Graphika, the controversial network analysis company[78].<\/p>\n

    Thus, SIDA is a government agency that not only funds meetings of Arab cyber-activists but also the tools that allow them to bypass state surveillance in their countries, as well as the developers of these tools. And all of this for what? To destabilize other governments that do not please the Swedish government!<\/p>\n

    And to think that SIDA stands for ‘Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency’! Clearly, Sweden has a peculiar conception of cooperation and development!”<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    “Organizational chart of the relationship between the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA), democracy ‘export’ organizations, and the ‘Arab Spring’.”<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    “In conclusion of this section, it is evident that in addition to receiving direct grants from European governments (Switzerland, Great Britain, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg), ‘TRIAL International’ is funded by two state agencies (Sweden and Taiwan), an NGO (Amnesty International), and 5 foundations that actively collaborate with Soros foundations, NED, USAID, and the U.S. Department of State, which are at the forefront of ‘regime change’ and the ‘export’ of democracy ‘made in the USA’. These are the organizations that have been the masterminds behind the colored revolutions, the ‘Arab Spring’, Euromaidan[79], the riots in Hong Kong[80], and many other upheavals around the world. Not to mention that ‘TRIAL International’ receives direct subsidies from George Soros’s Open Society!<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

    With all of this, how can ‘TRIAL International’ claim to be an NGO (Non-Governmental Organization) if it is neither financially nor politically independent? After all, he who pays the piper calls the tune, doesn’t he?<\/p>\n

    All in all, it is nothing more than a human rights-based instrument that serves as a facade for a destabilization action concocted in the laboratories of social engineering. Because, let it be said, to tamper with the Algerian military institution is to harm the entire Algeria.”<\/p>\n

    <\/h3>\n

    “The leaders of ‘TRIAL International’<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    The Board of Directors of ‘TRIAL International’ is composed of the following six individuals[81]:”<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
    \n

    <\/h3>\n

    HASKELL Leslie<\/p>\n

    Pr\u00e9sidente<\/td>\n

    		\n

    <\/p>\n

    MEUTER Sacha<\/p>\n

    Vice-president<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    <\/p>\n

    BOVEY Philippe<\/p>\n

    Treasurer<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    \n

    <\/p>\n

    MAEDER MORVANT Sonja<\/p>\n

    Secretary<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    <\/p>\n

    DACCORD Yves<\/p>\n

    Unspecified role (?)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    <\/p>\n

    LHOSTE Florence<\/p>\n

    Unspecified role (?)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    “Board of Directors of ‘TRIAL International'”<\/p>\n

    Leslie Haskell<\/strong> was elected President of “TRIAL International” in 2021 after serving as Vice President since 2017[82]. Prior to this, she worked for Human Rights Watch (HRW, the well-known organization largely funded by G. Soros), which she joined in 2007[83]. Before joining HRW, she worked as a lawyer at the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda in Arusha, Tanzania[84]. It should also be noted that she is also the Senior Legal Advisor for Institutional and Administrative Affairs at the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.<\/p>\n

    This is an exemplary CV that combines human rights advocacy, “extraterritorial” justice, and the “open” society: all the legal and ideological tools necessary to subtly interfere in the internal affairs of any country “uncooperative” with the wishes of donor countries. And, by coincidence, this arsenal is never applied to these countries, even though they are responsible for or complicit in some of the greatest crimes against humanity in history.<\/p>\n

    In the course of her work at HRW, Leslie Haskell was involved in the events following the 2010 Ivorian presidential election, which pitted Laurent Gbagbo against Alassane Dramane Ouattara in the second round. It is worth noting that this election was marred by irregularities that led to a violent and bloody political-military crisis, resulting in over 3,000 deaths[85]. Ouattara was installed as president of C\u00f4te d’Ivoire, thanks in part to French bombings on Laurent Gbagbo’s residence [86]. As a “researcher for the Africa division” of HRW, Leslie Haskell participated in the research that led to the elaboration of a detailed report on the abuses committed by both sides[87]. With French military assistance[88], Laurent Gbagbo (and some members of his camp) was arrested and handed over to the International Criminal Court (ICC) to be tried for “crimes against humanity,” while no arrest warrant was issued against Alassane Dramane Ouattara or his clan[89]!<\/p>\n

    Elise Keppler[90], Deputy Director of the International Justice Program at HRW, exclaimed: “The ICC is playing its role to show that even those at the highest levels of power are not beyond the reach of justice when they are involved in serious crimes”[91].<\/p>\n

    She was quite pleased with the situation, as the confirmation of the charges against Laurent Gbagbo was largely based on HRW reports[92] prepared by researchers like Leslie Haskell.<\/p>\n

    In their book titled “Les r\u00e9seaux Soros \u00e0 la conqu\u00eate de l’Afrique,” authors St\u00e9phanie Erbs, Vincent Barbe, and Laurent Olivier provide more details[93]:<\/p>\n

    “Let us recall that Alassane Ouattara was supported against Laurent Gbagbo by George Soros, who would have made a private jet available to him. Among the elements that contributed to Alassane Ouattara’s rise to power, a report played a decisive role: it was the investigation by Human Rights Watch – which had just been granted by Soros the $100 million grant mentioned above – denouncing the existence of mass graves: a highly publicized report that greatly contributed to ‘demonizing’ Gbagbo, allowing Ouattara to recruit his ‘rebels’.”<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

    After 7 years of detention and legal proceedings, Laurent Gbagbo was finally acquitted by the ICC in 2019[94]. This acquittal was subsequently confirmed in 2021, and Laurent Gbagbo was cleared of all charges[95].<\/p>\n

    So, what purpose did HRW and the ICC serve? Simply to remove Laurent Gbagbo from the presidency of C\u00f4te d’Ivoire and replace him with his rival[96], who is, in fact, nothing more than the helmsman of Fran\u00e7afrique, the faithful guardian of French neocolonialism and, by extension, Western influence.<\/p>\n

    So, Ms. Haskell, what do you think of the role you played in this sordid affair? Have you learned any lessons about your manipulation under the fallacious banner of “human rights”? No, not at all! You have changed organizations, but you continue to carry out your sordid mission, comfortably seated in your “TRIAL International” chair!<\/p>\n

    In her master’s thesis titled “La Cour p\u00e9nale internationale: du projet d\u2019une justice globale au paternalisme occidental” (“The International Criminal Court: from the project of global justice to Western paternalism”)[97], Natascha Zryd (from the University of Lausanne!) analyzed two examples of the “instrumentalization of the ICC by major powers”: Libya and C\u00f4te d’Ivoire. Her conclusion is telling:<\/p>\n

    “These two examples demonstrate that Western powers turn to the Court to remove leaders who are not cooperative and conciliatory enough, especially from an economic standpoint. The instrumentalization of the ICC allows them to legitimize their international policy, to support and even justify their incursions within these states.”<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

    Is it the same for the case at hand, the accusation against the Algerian military institution? Will “TRIAL International,” HRW, and Amnesty International continue to be instruments in the hands of OSF, NED, and other destructive organizations to justify their forays into Algeria’s affairs?<\/p>\n

    Now, let’s move on to two other members of the Board of Directors of “TRIAL International”: Philippe Bovey and Sacha Meuter<\/strong>. In addition to their roles within this Swiss NGO, both of them work for the Hirondelle Foundation, “an organization that already has close ties with ‘TRIAL International'”[98]. And it’s “TRIAL International” itself that says so!<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    Philippe Bovey<\/strong> serves as the Secretary General of this foundation based in Lausanne, while Sacha Meuter is the Legal Advisor[99]. On their website, it states[100]:<\/p>\n

    “The Hirondelle Foundation is a Swiss non-profit organization that provides information to populations facing crises, enabling them to act in their daily and civic lives.”<\/p>\n

    Therefore, it is a foundation specifically designed to create, train, and support local media in 22 countries, with a strong focus on Africa[101].<\/p>\n

    In the “Our Vision” section, the foundation explains to us that “independent, credible, non-partisan information, focused on the concerns of those it addresses, contributes to the resolution of crises and the construction of more peaceful societies”[102]. Please note the adjectives used to describe the information: independent, credible, and non-partisan. And to emphasize the human rights nature of the foundation, it is specified that access to information is “recognized as a universal right (Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights).”<\/p>\n

    Until very recently, the OSF network in Africa consisted of four entities: the Open Society Foundation for South Africa (OSF-SA), the Open Society Initiative for West Africa (OSIWA), the Open Society Initiative for Eastern Africa (OSIEA), and the Open Society Initiative for Southern Africa (OSISA).<\/p>\n

    In its 2015 report, OSISA lists the Hirondelle Foundation as one of the recipients of its funding with an amount of $167,448[103]. In the report for the year 2017, the Swiss foundation is also mentioned[104]:<\/p>\n

    “OSISA, through its national office in Kinshasa, supported several projects related to democracy and governance, including civic education, transparency and accountability, and the promotion of media freedom and access to information. Some of the supported initiatives include […] [providing] support to the Hirondelle Foundation to encourage youth participation in elections.”<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

    The Hirondelle Foundation itself declares its direct relationship with another African subsidiary of OSF[105]:<\/p>\n

    “The media of the Hirondelle Foundation are supported in 2015 by governments (Germany, Denmark, United States, Luxembourg, Netherlands, United Kingdom, Sweden, Switzerland, as well as the European Union), by private partners and donors (Open Society Initiative for West Africa – one of George Soros’ foundations – Cordaid, and the Pro Victimis Foundation), and by individual donors.”<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

    According to experts, civil society is fundamental for the implementation of the “open society”. To achieve this, George Soros has three main levers: i) the media to shape public opinion, ii) citizen movements to give voice to the people, and iii) NGOs to catalyze discontent[106].<\/p>\n

    In the context of this work, we will focus on the first point and leave the other two for future analysis.<\/p>\n

    Thus, the media is one of the three cornerstones of the Soros system.<\/p>\n

    “Between 2016 and 2020, Soros alone donated at least $131 million to influence 253 media groups such as the Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ), the Aspen Institute, the Marshall Project, and ProPublica. […] This network of media connections allows Soros to exert considerable influence over the stories covered by the media, how they cover these stories, and the stories they do not cover”[107].<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

    But let’s return to Africa. The authors of the book “Les r\u00e9seaux Soros \u00e0 la conqu\u00eate de l’Afrique” mentioned earlier state that the Hirondelle Foundation is part of Soros’s influence actions on the media[108]. In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), for example, “Radio Okapi” is the United Nations radio managed in partnership with the Hirondelle Foundation.<\/p>\n

    “As part of a partnership with the United Nations, the Hirondelle Foundation contributed to its creation, the development of its programs, and the training of its teams from 2002 to 2014. A fruitful partnership that led to the creation of one of the largest radios in French-speaking Africa, the most listened to media in the DRC for 15 years.”<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

    Regarding this radio, St\u00e9phanie Erbs, Vincent Barbe, and Olivier Laurent point out:<\/p>\n

    “Congolese opposition movements are supported by a general dynamic maintained by media close to Soros. Thus, Radio Okapi, clearly anti-Kabila[110], is supported by the Hirondelle Foundation, of which OSF is a partner in the design and financing of operations.”<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

    Thanks to its substantial funding, “Radio Okapi” enjoys technical and financial operating conditions incomparable to those of local media[112]. This allows it to have a strong audience, which can lead to “shaping public opinion” by foreign capitals and, consequently, foreign agendas.<\/p>\n

    By being anti-Kabila and dependent on Soros’s “open society” ideology, can the information advocated by the Hirondelle Foundation really be independent, credible, and non-partisan? The answer is no, and this applies to all the media it nurtures.<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    Diagram of the strong relationship between certain senior members of “TRIAL International” and the “Soros galaxy.”<\/p>\n

    <\/h3>\n

    Conclusions<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    The analysis of the intricacies of the NGO “TRIAL International,” its sponsors, relationships, implications, and the activities of some of its executives leads to the following conclusions:<\/p>\n

    1. “TRIAL International” cannot be accurately labeled as a Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) in the true sense of the term, as it is neither financially nor politically independent:<\/p>\n

    a. Its funding is provided by the foreign ministries of Western countries, which logically only subsidize activities aligned with their political views.
    \nb. Its funding and direct or indirect connections tightly bind it to the concept of the “open society,” a harmful ideology that is bellicose and disrespects the will of the people.
    \nc. Its strong affiliations with the organizations of “democracy export” make it an effective tool for “regime change” in targeted countries, such as Algeria.
    \nd. Since its mission is dictated by its funders, their ideology, and their political agenda, “TRIAL International” does not serve the public interest, but rather the interests of those who finance it.<\/p>\n

    2. The key members of “TRIAL International” are part of the extensive network conceived and maintained by Soros’ foundations, which undermines the credibility of this Swiss organization.<\/p>\n

    3. Through its multiple connections, “TRIAL International” defends Algerian Islamists who have direct links to international jihadism. This position aligns with Swiss policy, which also defends, shelters, and protects such individuals and their organizations despite numerous damning articles. Recall, for example, the case of an honest Swiss police officer who was “disgusted to see Swiss justice turning a blind eye to the activities of Algerian Islamists seeking refuge in Switzerland.”<\/p>\n

    4. By choosing to work on the indictment of the former Algerian Minister of Defense, “TRIAL International” targets the entire Algerian military institution, which bravely defended Algeria and its people during the dark decade.<\/p>\n

    5. In doing so, “TRIAL International” blatantly reveals its bias, as it completely absolves the heinous crimes against humanity committed by jihadist terrorists during the same period.<\/p>\n

    6. By defending this case, “TRIAL International” merely resurrects the “quituquism” theory, which has long sought to exonerate jihadist terrorism in Algeria and has consistently been refuted.<\/p>\n

    7. More broadly, it is very concerning to note that international institutions like the UN or the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) are infiltrated by activists from the Open Society and its extensive network (HRW, AI, etc.).<\/p>\n

    8. In this matter, Switzerland is far from innocent. On the contrary, it is deeply involved: i) by financing “TRIAL International,” a human rights organization, and ii) by giving it credibility even though it is manipulated from all sides.<\/p>\n

    9. In acting in this way, Switzerland must understand that it is directly and deceitfully attacking Algeria, not just its former Minister of Defense.<\/p>\n

    10. Swiss judges are obliged to be affiliated with political parties (to whom they must pay a portion of their salaries as a token of gratitude for being chosen by these parties!). Therefore, the judicial independence of Switzerland is a farce. Granting them “universal jurisdiction” on top of that is a monumental charade.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    In conclusion, this entire affair is a classic setup orchestrated by human rights entities specialized in destabilizing certain countries like Algeria, which is targeted for its just and courageous political stances that do not please this arrogant and vindictive West.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

    And as if the absurdity weren’t enough, it is Switzerland that presumes to give us lessons on human rights! A country that collaborated with Hitler, participated in the looting of Jewish assets during World War II, protects the worst jihadist terrorists, and whose banks are brimming with ill-gotten fortunes, stolen by the worst dictators worldwide!<\/p>\n

    Indeed, we’ve seen it all from the Helvetians!<\/p>\n

    Can Switzerland explain to us why, since the end of the dark decade, no Algerian jihadist has been apprehended or prosecuted in the West? On the contrary, they were warmly received. They were offered political refugee status and given access to television studios and publishing houses. Perhaps I didn’t read Swiss law correctly: is it extraterritorial for the military but not for terrorists?<\/p>\n

    The Algerian army heroically fought jihadist terrorism, which sought to establish the foundations of a supranational Islamic caliphate in Algeria. It fought alone while the West turned a blind eye and closed its doors, rejoicing in seeing Algeria wither away day by day under the blood of innocents dismembered by terrorist bombs, slaughtered, or disemboweled by hordes of jihadists.<\/p>\n

    And now that Algeria, thanks to its army, stands tall after so much suffering and is reclaiming its rightful place among nations, it is under attack by its military institution with the help of a bunch of human rights organizations.<\/p>\n

    “TRIAL International,” Switzerland, and all the myriad organizations surrounding them will be credible when they bring all Israeli officials who are implementing an apartheid and extermination policy against the Palestinian people to trial.<\/p>\n

    They will be credible when they bring before the courts Western officials like Bush, Blair, Sarkozy, Cameron, Hollande, and all the others who have caused hundreds of thousands of deaths in Iraq, Libya, Syria, and other countries in the Global South, sowing chaos, ruin, and desolation.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    They will be credible when they present before the judges the jihadists who, during the dark decade, murdered my brother, who was only 21 years old.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

    References<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    [1]<\/a>\u00a0Brigitte Patzold, \u00ab\u00a0La Suisse, l\u2019or et les morts \u2013 Complicit\u00e9s avec le nazisme\u00a0\u00bb, Le Monde Diplomatique, Juin 1997,\u00a0https:\/\/www.monde-diplomatique.fr\/1997\/06\/PATZOLD\/4772<\/a><\/p>\n

    [2]<\/a>\u00a0Le Monde avec AFP, \u00ab\u00a0Alg\u00e9rie\u00a0: un ancien ministre mis en accusation par la justice suisse\u00a0\u00bb, Le Monde, 31 ao\u00fbt 2023\u00a0https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/afrique\/article\/2023\/08\/31\/algerie-un-ancien-ministre-mis-en-accusation-par-la-justice-suisse_6187293_3212.html<\/a><\/p>\n

    [3]<\/a>\u00a0The Humanitarian War, \u00ab\u00a0Guerre Humanitaire en Libye: Il n’y a pas de preuve!\u00a0\u00bb YouTube, 28 novembre 2011,\u00a0https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=koYzkEWHtQA<\/a><\/p>\n

    [4]<\/a>\u00a0Lire, par exemple, Ahmed Bensaada, \u00ab\u00a0Huit ans apr\u00e8s : la \u2033printanisation\u2033 de l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie\u00a0\u00bb, AhmedBensaada.com, 4 Avril 2019,\u00a0http:\/\/www.ahmedbensaada.com\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=475:2019-04-04-22-50-13&catid=46:qprintemps-arabeq&Itemid=119<\/a><\/p>\n

    [5]<\/a>\u00a0TRIAL International, \u00ab\u00a0Qui sommes-nous\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0https:\/\/trialinternational.org\/fr\/qui-sommes-nous\/<\/a><\/p>\n

    [6]<\/a>\u00a0TRIAL International, \u00ab\u00a0Nos donateurs-trices en 2023\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0https:\/\/trialinternational.org\/fr\/qui-sommes-nous\/nos-donateurs\/<\/a><\/p>\n

    [7]<\/a>\u00a0L. Bernstein, \u00ab La guerre secr\u00e8te du misanthrope George Soros \u00bb, Solidarit\u00e9 et Progr\u00e8s, 11 ao\u00fbt 2008,\u00a0https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220407001951\/https:\/\/solidariteetprogres.fr\/nos-actions-20\/analyses\/la-guerre-secrete-du-misanthrope<\/a><\/p>\n

    [8]<\/a>\u00a0Pour plus de d\u00e9tails sur la \u00ab\u00a0soci\u00e9t\u00e9 ouverte\u00a0\u00bb de G. Soros, lire Pierre-Antoine Plaquevent, \u00ab\u00a0Soros et la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 ouverte, m\u00e9tapolitique du globalisme\u00a0\u00bb, Culture & Racines, Paris 2020,\u00a0https:\/\/www.fnac.com\/a15181441\/Pierre-Antoine-Plaquevent-Soros-et-la-societe-ouverte<\/a><\/p>\n

    [9]<\/a>\u00a0G. Sussman et S. Krader, \u00ab Template Revolutions: Marketing U.S. Regime Change in Eastern Europe \u00bb, Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture, University of Westminster, London, vol. 5, n\u00b0 3, 2008, p. 91-112,\u00a0https:\/\/www.westminsterpapers.org\/article\/id\/115\/<\/a><\/p>\n

    [10]<\/a>\u00a0Pour plus de d\u00e9tails, lire Ahmed Bensaada, \u00ab\u00a0Arabesque$ – Enqu\u00eate sur le r\u00f4le des \u00c9tats-Unis dans les r\u00e9voltes arabes\u00a0\u00bb, Ed. Investig\u2019Action, Bruxelles (Belgique), 2015 \u2013 Ed. ANEP, Alger (Alg\u00e9rie), 2016<\/p>\n

    [11]<\/a>\u00a0Amnesty International, \u00ab\u00a0Qui sommes-non\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/fr\/who-we-are\/<\/a><\/p>\n

    [12]<\/a>\u00a0Lire, par exemple, Espai Societat Oberta, \u00ab\u00a0Who are the Open Society Foundations?\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0https:\/\/www.espaisocietatoberta.org\/en\/who-are-the-open-society-foundations\/<\/a><\/p>\n

    [13]<\/a>\u00a0Ahmed Bensaada, \u00ab\u00a0L\u2019Alg\u00e9rie face \u00e0 l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne et ses lobbys\u00a0\u00bb, AhmedBensaada.com, 1er<\/sup>\u00a0D\u00e9cembre 2020,\u00a0http:\/\/www.ahmedbensaada.com\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=536:2020-12-01-22-28-35&catid=46:qprintemps-arabeq&Itemid=119<\/a><\/p>\n

    [14]<\/a>\u00a0Amnesty International, \u00ab\u00a0Les autorit\u00e9s refusent \u00e0 Amnesty International l\u2019acc\u00e8s au pays\u00a0\u00bb, Communiqu\u00e9 de Presse 125\/97, 1er<\/sup>\u00a0juillet 1997,\u00a0https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2021\/06\/mde280141997fr.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

    [15]<\/a>\u00a0Amnesty International, \u00ab\u00a0Alg\u00e9rie. Le d\u00e9fenseur des droits humains alg\u00e9rien qui risque d\u2019\u00eatre extrad\u00e9 doit \u00eatre imm\u00e9diatement lib\u00e9r\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb, 21 Ao\u00fbt 2015,\u00a0https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/fr\/documents\/mde28\/2313\/2015\/fr\/<\/a><\/p>\n

    [16]<\/a>\u00a0Voir, par exemple, Rachad TV, \u00ab\u00a0Participation du Ma\u00eetre Rachid MESLI sur la cha\u00eene Al Magharibia (Affaire Khaled NEZZAR)\u00a0\u00bb, 8 septembre 2023,\u00a0https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=IQydFsklNms<\/a><\/p>\n

    [17]<\/a>\u00a0Rachad, \u00ab\u00a0Qui sommes-nous –\u00a0Rachid Mesli, avocat et d\u00e9fenseur des droits de l’homme\u00a0\u00bb, Lundi, 16 Avril 2007,\u00a0https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20120514044822\/https:\/\/www.rachad.org\/fr\/qui-sommes-nous-\/62-mesli<\/a><\/p>\n

    [18]<\/a>\u00a0Ahmed Bensaada, \u00ab\u00a0Qui sont ces organismes alg\u00e9riens qui ont demand\u00e9 \u00e0 la FIDH “Justice pour Kamel Eddine Fekhar”?\u00a0\u00bb, AhmedBensaada.com, 5 Juin 2019,\u00a0http:\/\/www.ahmedbensaada.com\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=498:2019-06-05-18-29-09&catid=46:qprintemps-arabeq&Itemid=119<\/a><\/p>\n

    [19]<\/a>\u00a0Al Karama, \u00ab\u00a0Notre histoire\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0https:\/\/www.alkarama.org\/fr\/a-propos\/histoire<\/a><\/p>\n

    [20]<\/a>\u00a0U.S. Department of Treasury, \u00ab\u00a0Treasury Designates Al-Qa\u2019ida Supporters in Qatar and Yemen\u00a0\u00bb, 18 d\u00e9cembre 2013,\u00a0https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20140209153219\/https:\/\/www.treasury.gov\/press-center\/press-releases\/Pages\/jl2249.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n

    [21]<\/a>\u00a0L\u2019Orient-le Jour, \u00ab\u00a0L’Arabie saoudite et ses alli\u00e9s publient une liste de “terroristes” soutenus par le Qatar\u00a0\u00bb, 9 juin 2017,\u00a0https:\/\/www.lorientlejour.com\/article\/1056269\/larabie-saoudite-et-allies-publient-une-liste-de-terroristes-soutenus-par-le-qatar.html<\/a><\/p>\n

    [22]<\/a>\u00a0Le Temps, \u00ab\u00a0Des partisans de la la\u00efcit\u00e9 attaquent des musulmans qui s’efforcent de dialoguer avec les Genevois\u00a0\u00bb, 7 janvier 2016,\u00a0https:\/\/www.letemps.ch\/suisse\/partisans-laicite-attaquent-musulmans-sefforcent-dialoguer-genevois<\/a><\/p>\n

    [23]<\/a>\u00a0Mohammad Abu Rumman, \u00ab\u00a0Islamists, Religion and the revolution in Syria\u00a0\u00bb, Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, FES Jordan & Iraq \/ FES Syria 2013,\u00a0https:\/\/library.fes.de\/pdf-files\/bueros\/amman\/10236.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

    [24]<\/a>\u00a0Amrou Abdelmoneim, \u00ab\u00a0L’histoire de Rami Al-Dalati, coordinateur syrien de la r\u00e9conciliation et ami d’Al-Joulani\u00a0\u00bb, Aman, 13 ao\u00fbt 2018,\u00a0http:\/\/www.aman-dostor.org\/show.aspx?id=13042<\/a><\/p>\n

    [25]<\/a>\u00a0AFP, \u00ab\u00a0Syrie : l’ONU ajoute les jihadistes Al-Nosra \u00e0 sa liste de sanctions\u00a0\u00bb, L\u2019Orient-le Jour, 31 mai 2013,\u00a0https:\/\/www.lorientlejour.com\/article\/817101\/syrie-lonu-ajoute-les-jihadistes-al-nosra-a-sa-liste-de-sanctions.html<\/a><\/p>\n

    [26]<\/a>\u00a024 Heures, \u00ab\u00a0Berne ajoute un leader syrien sur sa liste de sanctions\u00a0\u00bb, 13 ao\u00fbt 2013,\u00a0https:\/\/www.24heures.ch\/berne-ajoute-un-leader-syrien-sur-sa-liste-de-sanctions-537343447838<\/a><\/p>\n

    [27]<\/a>\u00a0Amrou Abdelmoneim, \u00ab\u00a0L’histoire de Rami Al-Dalati, coordinateur syrien de la r\u00e9conciliation et ami d’Al-Joulani\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0Op.\u00a0<\/em>Cit.<\/em><\/p>\n

    [28]<\/a>\u00a0Zaman Al Wasl, \u00ab 9 Rebel groups form ‘Jaysh al-Tawhid’ in Northern Homs\u00a0\u00bb, 6 mai 2015, \u00a0https:\/\/en.zamanalwsl.net\/news\/article\/9962<\/a><\/p>\n

    [29]<\/a>\u00a0Olivier Bot, \u00ab\u00a0Les r\u00e9v\u00e9lations d’Abou Hafs, ex-num\u00e9ro 3 d’Al-Qaida et ami personnel de Ben Laden\u00a0\u00bb, Tribune de Gen\u00e8ve, 19 mars 2018,\u00a0https:\/\/www.tdg.ch\/les-revelations-dabou-hafs-ex-numero-3-dal-qaida-et-ami-personnel-de-ben-laden-419037046645<\/a><\/p>\n

    [30]<\/a>\u00a0Marion Moussadek, \u00ab\u00a0En finir avec la dictature de Bouteflika\u00a0\u00bb, Le Temps, 26 juin 2007,\u00a0https:\/\/www.letemps.ch\/monde\/finir-dictature-bouteflika<\/a><\/p>\n

    [31]<\/a>\u00a0Inside Philanthropy, \u00ab\u00a0Bay and Paul Foundations<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220704215320\/https:\/\/www.insidephilanthropy.com\/grants-b\/bay-and-paul-foundations<\/a><\/p>\n

    [32]<\/a>\u00a0The Platform to Protect Whistleblowers in Africa, \u00ab\u00a0Nos partenaires\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0https:\/\/www.pplaaf.org\/fr\/financement.html<\/a><\/p>\n

    [33]<\/a>\u00a0The Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project, \u00ab\u00a0Who supports our work\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/aboutus\/who-supports-our-work<\/a><\/p>\n

    [34]<\/a>\u00a0Kvinna till Kvinna, \u00ab\u00a0What we do\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0https:\/\/kvinnatillkvinna.org\/about-us\/what-we-do\/<\/a><\/p>\n

    [35]<\/a>\u00a0Open Society Foundations, \u00ab\u00a030 years: Open Society and its friends (1991-2021)\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0https:\/\/osfbih.org.ba\/images\/News\/NewsDocs\/30years_WEB.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

    [36]<\/a>\u00a0Kvinna till Kvinna, \u00ab\u00a0Annual Report 2022\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230507000530\/https:\/\/kvinnatillkvinna.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/The-Kvinna-till-Kvinna-Foundation-annual-report-2022.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

    [37]<\/a>\u00a0Ibid.<\/em><\/p>\n

    [38]<\/a>\u00a0Oak Foundation, \u00ab\u00a0Annual Report 2022\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0https:\/\/oakfnd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Annual-Report-2022-final-16.03.23_compressed.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

    [39]<\/a>\u00a0openDemocracy, \u00ab\u00a0Who funded us from 2012 to 2021\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0https:\/\/www.opendemocracy.net\/en\/opendemocracys-supporters-2012-2019\/<\/a><\/p>\n

    [40]<\/a>\u00a0International Bridges to Justice, \u00ab\u00a0Bridges\/2015-2016 Biennial Report\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0https:\/\/www.ibj.org\/wp_main\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/IBJ-Biennial-Report-2015-2016-FINAL.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

    [41]<\/a>\u00a0The Alliance for Child Protection in Humanitarian Action, \u00ab\u00a0Donors\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0https:\/\/alliancecpha.org\/en\/alliance-donors<\/a><\/p>\n

    [42]<\/a>\u00a0The Do One Better, \u00ab\u00a0Doug Griffiths, President of Oak Foundation\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0https:\/\/www.lidji.org\/doug-griffiths-oak-foundation<\/a><\/p>\n

    [43]<\/a>\u00a0AllGov, \u00ab\u00a0Ambassador to Mozambique: Who Is Douglas Griffiths?\u00a0\u00bb, 14 avril 2012,\u00a0http:\/\/www.allgov.com\/news\/appointments-and-resignations\/ambassador-to-mozambique-who-is-douglas-griffiths?news=844325<\/a><\/p>\n

    [44]<\/a>\u00a0Rockefeller Brothers Fund, \u00ab\u00a0Thematic programs\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0https:\/\/www.rbf.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n

    [45]<\/a>\u00a0Independant Diplomat, \u00ab\u00a0Our supporters\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0https:\/\/independentdiplomat.org\/support-our-work\/our-supporters\/<\/a><\/p>\n

    [46]<\/a>\u00a0The Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project, \u00ab\u00a0Who support our work\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0https:\/\/www.occrp.org\/en\/aboutus\/who-supports-our-work<\/a><\/p>\n

    [47]<\/a>\u00a0Rockefeller Brothers Fund, \u00ab\u00a0In depth: US global engagement\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0https:\/\/www.rbf.org\/about\/our-history\/timeline\/us-global-engagement\/in-depth<\/a><\/p>\n

    [48]<\/a>\u00a0Wellspring, \u00ab\u00a0Our mission\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0https:\/\/wpfund.org\/our-mission\/<\/a><\/p>\n

    [49]<\/a>\u00a0David Callahan, \u00ab\u00a0The D.C. Power List: The Most Influential Philanthropists Shaping National Policy\u00a0\u00bb, Inside Philanthropy, 9 mai 2023,\u00a0https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20230518160954\/https:\/www.insidephilanthropy.com\/home\/2023\/5\/10\/the-most-powerful-philanthropists-in-washington<\/a><\/p>\n

    [50]<\/a>\u00a0Voir, par exemple, Open Society Foundations, \u00ab\u00a0Open Society Foundations Join Group Initiative to Support Women’s Funds\u00a0\u00bb, 20 novembre 2019,\u00a0https:\/\/www.opensocietyfoundations.org\/newsroom\/open-society-foundations-join-group-initiative-to-support-womens-funds<\/a><\/p>\n

    [51]<\/a>\u00a0Forbidden Stories, \u00ab\u00a0Our supporters\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0https:\/\/forbiddenstories.org\/our-supporters\/<\/a><\/p>\n

    [52]<\/a>\u00a0Saferworld, \u00ab\u00a0Funding and finance\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0https:\/\/www.saferworld.org.uk\/funding-and-finance\/funding-and-finance<\/a><\/p>\n

    [53]<\/a>\u00a0Eldis, \u00ab\u00a0Taiwan Foundation for Democracy (TFD)\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0https:\/\/www.eldis.org\/organisation\/A38938<\/a><\/p>\n

    [54]<\/a>\u00a0Monique Chu, \u00ab\u00a0Proposals floated to form foundation to promote democracy\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0Taipei<\/a>\u00a0Times, 14 juin 2002,\u00a0https:\/\/www.taipeitimes.com\/News\/taiwan\/archives\/2002\/06\/14\/140296<\/a><\/p>\n

    [55]<\/a>\u00a0NED, \u00ab\u00a02002 Democracy service medal presented to Chen-Wu Sue-Jen, Jan Nowak and Paula J. Dobriansky\u00a0\u00bb, 1er<\/sup>\u00a0septembre 2002,\u00a0https:\/\/www.ned.org\/events\/2002-democracy-service-medal\/<\/a><\/p>\n

    [56]<\/a>\u00a0NED, \u00ab\u00a0Taiwan Foundation for Democracy. Remarks by Carl Gershman, President of The National Endowment for Democracy – Taipei, Taiwan\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0https:\/\/www.ned.org\/taiwan-foundation-for-democracy-taipei\/<\/a><\/p>\n

    [57]<\/a>\u00a0Office of the President of Taiwan, \u00ab\u00a0President Tsai attends 15th anniversary of Taiwan Foundation for Democracy\u00a0\u00bb, 25 juin 2018,\u00a0https:\/\/english.president.gov.tw\/News\/5434<\/a><\/p>\n

    [58]<\/a>\u00a0Lyssa White, \u00ab\u00a0Carl Gershman on Taiwan\u2019s democracy and the democratic future\u00a0\u00bb, NED, 25 juin 2018,\u00a0https:\/\/www.ned.org\/carl-gershman-on-taiwans-democracy-and-the-democratic-future\/<\/a><\/p>\n

    [59]<\/a>\u00a0Sarah Hutson, \u00ab\u00a0President Tsai Ing-Wen receives NED democratic service medal\u00a0\u00bb, NED, 18 juillet 2023,\u00a0https:\/\/www.ned.org\/president-tsai-ing-wen-of-taiwan-receives-ned-democracy-service-medal\/<\/a><\/p>\n

    [60]<\/a>\u00a0Taiwan Foundation for Democracy, \u00ab\u00a02019 Annual Report\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0https:\/\/www.tfd.org.tw\/backend\/upload\/publish\/8d714bbc1a3caae569aeb84dfeade1f8.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

    [61]<\/a>\u00a0SIDA, \u00ab\u00a0About SIDA\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0https:\/\/www.sida.se\/en\/about-sida<\/a><\/p>\n

    [62]<\/a>\u00a0Johan Karlsson Schaffer, \u00ab\u00a0How Democracy Promotion Became a Key Aim of Sweden\u2019s Development Aid Policy\u00a0\u00bb, Cambridge University Press, 7 juillet 2021,\u00a0https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/books\/dogooders-at-the-end-of-aid\/how-democracy-promotion-became-a-key-aim-of-swedens-development-aid-policy\/C54F21628C0C0F3E5C6D3AD7804E3433<\/a><\/p>\n

    [63]<\/a>\u00a0Saferworld, \u00ab\u00a0Funding and finance\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0Op. Cit.<\/em><\/p>\n

    [64]<\/a>\u00a0Afrobarometer, \u00ab\u00a0About\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0https:\/\/www.afrobarometer.org\/about\/<\/a><\/p>\n

    [65]<\/a>\u00a0Gender Alliance for Development Center,\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0Donors \u00bb,\u00a0https:\/\/www.gadc.org.al\/l\/76\/donors<\/a><\/p>\n

    [66]<\/a>\u00a0EuroMed Droits, \u00ab\u00a0Rapport annuel 2022\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0https:\/\/euromedrights.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/230616_Euromed_AnnualReport_FR.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

    [67]<\/a>\u00a0ARIJ, \u00ab\u00a0An insight into ARIJ – Organisation Background\u00a0\u00bb, \u00a0https:\/\/en.arij.net\/site-message\/<\/a><\/p>\n

    [68]<\/a>\u00a0Ahmed Bensaada, \u00ab\u00a0Hirak : la barbouzerie de Radio M\u00a0\u00bb, AhmedBensaada.com, 5 Avril 2021,\u00a0https:\/\/www.ahmedbensaada.com\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=555:hirak-la-barbouzerie-de-radio-m&catid=46:qprintemps-arabeq&Itemid=119<\/a><\/p>\n

    [69]<\/a>\u00a0Ania Boumaza, \u00ab\u00a0Ihsane El-Kadi arr\u00eat\u00e9 et Radio M sous scell\u00e9s : les r\u00e9actions pleuvent\u00a0\u00bb, Alg\u00e9rie 360, 29 d\u00e9cembre 2022,\u00a0https:\/\/www.algerie360.com\/ihsane-el-kadi-arrete-et-radio-m-sous-scelles-les-reactions-pleuvent\/<\/a><\/p>\n

    [70]<\/a>\u00a0Le Monde avec AFP, \u00ab\u00a0Ihsane El Kadi, figure de la presse alg\u00e9rienne, voit sa peine alourdie en appel \u00e0 sept\u00a0ans de prison\u00a0\u00bb, Le Monde, 18 juin 2023,\u00a0\u00a0https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/afrique\/article\/2023\/06\/18\/ihsane-el-kadi-figure-de-la-presse-algerienne-voit-sa-peine-alourdie-en-appel-a-sept-ans-de-prison_6178169_3212.html<\/a><\/p>\n

    [71]<\/a>\u00a0Ahmed Bensaada, \u00ab\u00a0Arabesque$ – Enqu\u00eate sur le r\u00f4le des \u00c9tats-Unis dans les r\u00e9voltes arabes\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0Op.\u00a0<\/em>Cit.<\/em><\/p>\n

    [72]<\/a>\u00a0SIDA, \u00ab\u00a0Evaluation of the Implementation and the Results of the Swedish Strategies for Special Initiatives for Democratisation and Freedom of Expression (2009-2011 and 2012-2014)\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0https:\/\/cdn.sida.se\/publications\/files\/sida61680en-evaluation-of-the-implementation-and-the-results-of-the-swedish-strategies-for-special-initiatives-for-democratisation-and-freedom-of-expression-2009-2011-and-2012-2014—final-report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

    [73]<\/a>\u00a0John Moroney, \u00ab\u00a0Mass. Company Helps Activists Avoid Online Government Censorship\u00a0\u00bb, NECN, 25 mars 2014,\u00a0https:\/\/www.necn.com\/news\/local\/_necn__mass__company_helps_activists_avoid_online_government_censorship_necn\/108960\/<\/a><\/p>\n

    [74]<\/a>\u00a0Damien Leloup, \u00ab\u00a0Les Tunisiens osent enfin parler, et cela, aucune censure ne l’arr\u00eatera\u00a0\u00bb, Le Monde, 10 janvier 2011,\u00a0https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/technologies\/article\/2011\/01\/10\/les-tunisiens-osent-enfin-parler-entre-eux-et-cela-aucune-censure-ne-l-arretera_1463210_651865.html<\/a><\/p>\n

    [75]<\/a>\u00a0Ahmed Bensaada, \u00ab\u00a0Arabesque$ – Enqu\u00eate sur le r\u00f4le des \u00c9tats-Unis dans les r\u00e9voltes arabes\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0Op.\u00a0<\/em>Cit.<\/em><\/p>\n

    [76]<\/a>\u00a0TOR Project, \u00ab\u00a0Sponsors\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0https:\/\/www.torproject.org\/about\/sponsors\/<\/a><\/p>\n

    [77]<\/a>\u00a0Ahmed Bensaada, \u00ab\u00a0Le rapport de Graphika : soft power et guerre de 4e g\u00e9n\u00e9ration contre l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie\u00a0\u00bb, AhmedBensaada.com, 22 Ao\u00fbt 2021,\u00a0http:\/\/www.ahmedbensaada.com\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=569:2021-08-23-01-45-11&catid=46:qprintemps-arabeq&Itemid=119<\/a><\/p>\n

    [78]<\/a>\u00a0Ibid<\/em>.<\/p>\n

    [79]<\/a>\u00a0Ahmed Bensaada, \u00ab\u00a0Ukraine : autopsie d\u2019un coup d\u2019\u00e9tat\u00a0\u00bb, AhmedBensaada.com, 3 mars 2014,\u00a0http:\/\/www.ahmedbensaada.com\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=257:ukraine-autopsie-dun-coup-detat&catid=48:orientoccident&Itemid=120<\/a><\/p>\n

    [80]<\/a>\u00a0Ahmed Bensaada, \u00ab Hong Kong\u00a0: la \u2033r\u00e9volution\u2033 et son parapluie\u00a0\u00bb, In \u00ab\u00a0La Chine sans \u0153ill\u00e8res \u00bb, Ouvrage collectif, \u00c9ditions Delga, Paris 2021<\/p>\n

    [81]<\/a>\u00a0TRIAL International, \u00ab\u00a0Notre comit\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0https:\/\/trialinternational.org\/fr\/qui-sommes-nous\/notre-comite\/<\/a><\/p>\n

    [82]<\/a>\u00a0TRIAL International, \u00ab\u00a0TRIAL International \u00e9lit sa premi\u00e8re pr\u00e9sidente et deux professionnel\u00a0\u00bb, 15 juin 2021,\u00a0https:\/\/trialinternational.org\/fr\/latest-post\/trial-international-elit-sa-premiere-presidente-et-deux-professionnels-chevronnes-pour-rejoindre-son-comite\/<\/a><\/p>\n

    [83]<\/a>\u00a0HRW, \u00ab\u00a0Leslie Haskell\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/fr\/about\/people\/leslie-haskell<\/a><\/p>\n

    [84]<\/a>\u00a0Ibid<\/em>.<\/p>\n

    [85]<\/a>\u00a0Challenges, \u00ab\u00a0La France et la C\u00f4te d’Ivoire signent un accord de coop\u00e9ration militaire\u00a0\u00bb, 26 janvier 2012,\u00a0https:\/\/www.challenges.fr\/economie\/la-france-et-la-cote-d-ivoire-signent-un-accord-de-cooperation-militaire_313061<\/a><\/p>\n

    [86]<\/a>\u00a0Le Monde avec AFP et Reuters, \u00ab\u00a0C\u00f4te d’Ivoire : les h\u00e9licopt\u00e8res fran\u00e7ais ouvrent le feu sur la r\u00e9sidence de Gbagbo\u00a0\u00bb, 10 avril 2011,\u00a0https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/afrique\/article\/2011\/04\/10\/les-gbagbistes-dementent-avoir-attaque-l-hotel-du-golf_1505593_3212.html<\/a><\/p>\n

    [87]<\/a>\u00a0HRW, \u00ab\u00a0Ils les ont tu\u00e9s comme si de rien n\u2019\u00e9tait\u00a0\u00bb, Octobre 2011,\u00a0https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/sites\/default\/files\/reports\/cdi1011frwebwcover.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

    [88]<\/a>\u00a0Reuters, \u00ab\u00a0Laurent Gbagbo arr\u00eat\u00e9 avec l’aide des forces fran\u00e7aises\u00a0\u00bb, 11 avril 2011,\u00a0https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/ofrtp-cote-divoire-france-gbagbo-2011041-idFRPAE73A0KD20110411<\/a><\/p>\n

    [89]<\/a>\u00a0Marc Leplongeon, \u00ab\u00a0VID\u00c9O. Affaire Gbagbo : la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale se replonge dans l’horreur\u00a0\u00bb, Le Point, 21 f\u00e9vrier 2013,\u00a0https:\/\/www.lepoint.fr\/monde\/video-affaire-gbagbo-la-cour-penale-internationale-se-replonge-dans-l-horreur-21-02-2013-1630435_24.php<\/a><\/p>\n

    [90]<\/a>\u00a0HRW, \u00ab\u00a0Elise Keppler\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/fr\/about\/people\/elise-keppler<\/a><\/p>\n

    [91]<\/a>\u00a0Anna Holligan, \u00ab\u00a0L’acquittement de Gbagbo fait trembler la CPI\u00a0\u00bb, BBC, 15 janvier 2019,\u00a0https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/afrique\/region-46878978<\/a><\/p>\n

    [92]<\/a>\u00a0Cour P\u00e9nale International, \u00ab\u00a0Situation in the Republic of C\u00f4te D\u2019Ivoire in the case of The Prosecutor\u00a0V. Laurent Gbagbo\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0https:\/\/www.legal-tools.org\/doc\/5b41bc\/pdf\/<\/a><\/p>\n

    [93]<\/a>\u00a0St\u00e9phanie Erbs, Vincent Barbe et Laurent Olivier, \u00ab\u00a0Les r\u00e9seaux Soros \u00e0 la conqu\u00eate de l’Afrique – Les r\u00e9seaux d’influence \u00e0 la conqu\u00eate du monde\u00a0\u00bb, Ed. Va Press, Paris 2017<\/p>\n

    [94]<\/a>\u00a0Le Monde, \u00ab\u00a0CPI\u00a0: l\u2019ancien pr\u00e9sident ivoirien Laurent Gbagbo acquitt\u00e9 de crimes contre l\u2019humanit\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb, 15 janvier 2019,\u00a0https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/afrique\/article\/2019\/01\/15\/cpi-l-ancien-president-ivoirien-laurent-gbagbo-acquitte-de-crimes-contre-l-humanite_5409315_3212.html<\/a><\/p>\n

    [95]<\/a>\u00a0Le Monde, \u00ab\u00a0C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire\u00a0: la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale confirme l\u2019acquittement de l\u2019ancien pr\u00e9sident Laurent Gbagbo\u00a0\u00bb, 31 mars 2021,\u00a0https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/afrique\/article\/2021\/03\/31\/cote-d-ivoire-la-cour-penale-internationale-confirme-l-acquittement-de-l-ancien-president-laurent-gbagbo_6075141_3212.html<\/a><\/p>\n

    [96]<\/a>\u00a0Slate Afrique, \u00ab\u00a0Alassane Ouattara, le meilleur ami de la France\u00a0\u00bb, 27 janvier 2012,\u00a0http:\/\/www.slateafrique.com\/81741\/alassane-ouattara-le-meilleur-ami-de-la-france-Gbagbo<\/a><\/p>\n

    [97]<\/a>\u00a0Natascha Zryd, \u00ab\u00a0La Cour p\u00e9nale internationale : du projet d\u2019une justice globale au paternalisme occidental\u00a0\u00bb, M\u00e9moire de ma\u00eetrise universitaire en droit de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Lausanne, 2019,\u00a0https:\/\/serval.unil.ch\/resource\/serval:BIB_A8ADD4A7075D.P001\/REF.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

    [98]<\/a>\u00a0TRIAL International, \u00ab\u00a0TRIAL International \u00e9lit sa premi\u00e8re pr\u00e9sidente et deux professionnel\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0Op. Cit.<\/em><\/p>\n

    [99]<\/a>\u00a0Fondation Hirondelle, \u00ab\u00a0Notre \u00e9quipe\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0https:\/\/www.hirondelle.org\/fr\/qui-sommes-nous\/equipe<\/a><\/p>\n

    [100]<\/a>\u00a0Fondation Hirondelle, \u00ab\u00a0Qui sommes-nous\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0https:\/\/www.hirondelle.org\/fr\/qui-sommes-nous#mission-et-impact<\/a><\/p>\n

    [101]<\/a>\u00a0Fondation Hirondelle, \u00ab\u00a0O\u00f9 travaillons-nous\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0https:\/\/www.hirondelle.org\/fr\/notre-travail#ou-travaillons-nous<\/a><\/p>\n

    [102]<\/a>\u00a0Fondation Hirondelle, \u00ab\u00a0Qui sommes-nous\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0Op. Cit.<\/em><\/p>\n

    [103]<\/a>\u00a0OSISA, \u00ab\u00a02015-2018 Report\u00a0\u00bb, p.9,\u00a0https:\/\/online.flipbuilder.com\/gbya\/atqv\/index.html#p=9<\/a><\/p>\n

    [104]<\/a>\u00a0OSISA, \u00ab\u00a02015-2018 Report\u00a0\u00bb, p.18,\u00a0https:\/\/online.flipbuilder.com\/gbya\/atqv\/index.html#p=18<\/a><\/p>\n

    [105]<\/a>\u00a0Fondation Hirondelle, \u00ab\u00a0L’information ind\u00e9pendante pour la paix, le d\u00e9veloppement et la d\u00e9mocratie\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0https:\/\/www.eda.admin.ch\/dam\/deza\/fr\/documents\/aktuell\/20151020-hirondelle-profil_FR.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

    [106]<\/a>\u00a0\u00c9cole de Guerre \u00c9conomique, \u00ab\u00a0Les r\u00e9seaux Soros \u00e0 la conqu\u00eate de l\u2019Afrique\u00a0\u00bb, 19 Juillet 2017,\u00a0https:\/\/www.ege.fr\/infoguerre\/2017\/07\/les-reseaux-soros-a-la-conquete-de-l%25e2%2580%2599afrique<\/a><\/p>\n

    [107]<\/a>\u00a0teleSUR English, \u00ab\u00a0Study Exposes George Soros’ Network of Media Ties\u00a0\u00bb, 26 January 2023,\u00a0https:\/\/www.telesurenglish.net\/news\/Study-Exposes-George-Soros-Network-of-Media-Ties-20230126-0002.html<\/a><\/p>\n

    [108]<\/a>\u00a0Agence Ecofin, \u00ab\u00a0Les r\u00e9seaux Soros en Afrique\u00a0: \u2033Entre contradictions et cynisme, la fronti\u00e8re est t\u00e9nue\u2026\u2033\u00a0\u00bb, 27 mai 2017,\u00a0https:\/\/www.agenceecofin.com\/politique\/2705-47677-les-reseaux-soros-en-afrique-entre-contradictions-et-cynisme-la-frontiere-est-tenue<\/a><\/p>\n

    [109]<\/a>\u00a0Fondation Hirondelle, \u00ab\u00a0Radio Okapi – R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique Du Congo\u00a0\u00bb,\u00a0https:\/\/www.hirondelle.org\/fr\/republique-democratique-du-congo<\/a><\/p>\n

    [110]<\/a>\u00a0Pr\u00e9sident de la RDC (2001 \u2013 2019)<\/p>\n

    [111]<\/a>\u00a0Freddy Mulumba , \u00ab\u00a0Le complot de Soros contre la RDC mis \u00e0 un\u00a0\u00bb, Kasai Direct, 2 mars 2018,\u00a0https:\/\/kasaidirect.net\/wordpress\/?p=9685<\/a><\/p>\n

    [112]<\/a>\u00a0Marie-Soleil Fr\u00e8re, \u00ab\u00a0Les m\u00e9dias, \u2033chiens de garde\u2033 des \u00e9lections au Burundi et en RDC\u00a0?\u00a0\u00bb, Afrique contemporaine\u00a02015\/4 (n\u00b0\u00a0256), pages 119 \u00e0 138,\u00a0https:\/\/www.cairn.info\/revue-afrique-contemporaine-2015-4-page-119.htm?ref=doi<\/a><\/p>\n

    [113]<\/a>\u00a0Sara Daniel, \u00ab\u00a0Le flic, les islamistes et l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie\u00a0\u00bb, sara-daniel.com, 1er<\/sup>\u00a0janvier 1997,\u00a0https:\/\/sara-daniel.com\/le-flic-les-islamistes-et-lalgerie\/<\/a><\/p>\n

    [114]<\/a>\u00a0Sibilla Bondolfi, \u00ab\u00a0Les juges suisses sous le joug des partis\u00a0\u00bb, SwissInfo, 10 octobre 2017,\u00a0https:\/\/www.swissinfo.ch\/fre\/politique\/tutelle-probl%C3%A9matique_les-juges-suisses-sous-le-joug-des-partis\/43581440<\/a><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    TRANSLATED FROM : http:\/\/www.ahmedbensaada.com\/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=632:2023-09-25-10-39-17&catid=46:qprintemps-arabeq&Itemid=119<\/a><\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    The recent news from the land of Guillaume Tell reports the indictment of the former Algerian Minister of Defense, Khaled Nezzar, who…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":73,"featured_media":89916,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[15,4,11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-89769","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-algeria","category-featured-articles","category-politics"],"yoast_head":"\nWho is behind "TRIAL International," the Swiss NGO who threatens the Algerian army? - AAH.JZR<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/en\/who-is-behind-trial-international-the-swiss-ngo-who-threatens-the-algerian-army\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Who is behind "TRIAL International," the Swiss NGO who threatens the Algerian army? 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