{"id":115090,"date":"2025-05-12T08:04:34","date_gmt":"2025-05-12T07:04:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/?p=115090"},"modified":"2025-05-12T00:06:57","modified_gmt":"2025-05-11T23:06:57","slug":"ce-quon-ne-dit-pas-sur-le-polisario","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/ce-quon-ne-dit-pas-sur-le-polisario\/","title":{"rendered":"Ce qu\u2019on ne dit pas sur le POLISARIO"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ces derniers temps, certains m\u00e9dias \u2014 \u00e9trangement align\u00e9s sur les cercles diplomatiques marocains \u2014 ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00e9voquer une suppos\u00e9e \u00ab initiative trilat\u00e9rale \u00bb entre Washington, Paris et Rabat visant \u00e0 classer le Front POLISARIO comme organisation terroriste. Les sources sont vagues. Les intentions sont troubles. Mais la narration est limpide : d\u00e9l\u00e9gitimer un mouvement de lib\u00e9ration nationale en r\u00e9\u00e9crivant les faits, et esp\u00e9rer que le monde oublie ce qui est d\u00e9j\u00e0 inscrit dans le droit.<\/em><\/p>\n

Mais voici ce qui n\u2019est pas rapport\u00e9 \u2014 ce qui est ignor\u00e9, ou pire, d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment pass\u00e9 sous silence.<\/p>\n

En 2015, un \u00e9v\u00e9nement d\u2019une port\u00e9e juridique profonde a eu lieu : le Front POLISARIO a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement reconnu comme une partie adh\u00e9rant aux Conventions de Gen\u00e8ve de 1949<\/em>. Ce n\u2019est pas un d\u00e9tail de communication. C\u2019est un acte juridique. Cela signifie que le POLISARIO, en tant que repr\u00e9sentant du peuple sahraoui, a \u00e9t\u00e9 accept\u00e9 dans le cadre du droit international humanitaire<\/em> \u2014 non pas comme une \u00ab milice \u00bb, ni comme un simple \u00ab groupe \u00bb, mais en tant que Mouvement de Lib\u00e9ration Nationale<\/em>, une cat\u00e9gorie sp\u00e9cifiquement d\u00e9finie et prot\u00e9g\u00e9e par les Conventions de Gen\u00e8ve et leur Protocole additionnel I.<\/p>\n

Ce statut n\u2019est pas symbolique. Il repose sur l\u2019existence d\u2019une occupation \u00e9trang\u00e8re<\/em> \u2014 en l\u2019occurrence, le contr\u00f4le militaire ill\u00e9gal et persistant du Maroc sur des parties du Sahara occidental. Sans cette r\u00e9alit\u00e9 d\u2019occupation, aucune base l\u00e9gale n\u2019aurait permis au POLISARIO d\u2019obtenir une telle reconnaissance en vertu de l\u2019article 96(3) du Protocole I. La logique juridique est implacable : le statut du POLISARIO pr\u00e9suppose que le Maroc agit en tant que puissance occupante<\/em>.<\/p>\n

C\u2019est l\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9phant juridique au milieu de la pi\u00e8ce \u2014 que Rabat tente de camoufler sous des slogans, des poign\u00e9es de main diplomatiques et des conf\u00e9rences de presse.<\/p>\n

Le Maroc ne peut pas pr\u00e9tendre \u00eatre dans un diff\u00e9rend amical sur des \u00ab provinces \u00bb tout en niant les cons\u00e9quences juridiques d\u2019\u00eatre cat\u00e9goris\u00e9, selon les termes de Gen\u00e8ve, comme une puissance occupante<\/em>. L\u2019acceptation du POLISARIO dans le cadre des Conventions de Gen\u00e8ve confirme, implicitement et explicitement, que le Sahara occidental est sous occupation \u00e9trang\u00e8re<\/em>. C\u2019est la condition m\u00eame qui rend l\u00e9gitime l\u2019appartenance du Front aux Conventions.<\/p>\n

Et c\u2019est ici que la position devient encore plus inconfortable pour ceux qui poussent le r\u00e9cit terroriste.<\/p>\n

Les \u00c9tats-Unis, la France, et m\u00eame le Maroc sont signataires et ratificateurs des Conventions de Gen\u00e8ve<\/em>. Ils se sont juridiquement engag\u00e9s \u00e0 respecter ces instruments, \u00e0 les appliquer dans tous les conflits internationaux, et \u00e0 reconna\u00eetre l\u2019identit\u00e9 juridique des parties prot\u00e9g\u00e9es par ces conventions. Les \u00c9tats-Unis ont ratifi\u00e9 ces textes en 1955. La France encore plus t\u00f4t. Le Maroc, \u00c9tat partie depuis son ind\u00e9pendance, a accept\u00e9 ces obligations et ne peut les invalider s\u00e9lectivement pour servir une conjoncture politique.<\/p>\n

Si Washington, Paris ou Rabat tentaient aujourd\u2019hui de qualifier le POLISARIO d\u2019organisation terroriste, ils se retrouveraient face \u00e0 un paradoxe juridique flagrant : criminaliser un acteur qu\u2019ils ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 reconnu, par le droit des trait\u00e9s, comme une partie l\u00e9gitime \u00e0 un conflit international. Ce ne serait pas seulement ill\u00e9gal \u2014 ce serait absurde<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Il ne s\u2019agit pas ici de rh\u00e9torique. Il s\u2019agit de droit des trait\u00e9s. De l\u2019article commun 1 des Conventions de Gen\u00e8ve, qui oblige les \u00c9tats \u00e0 respecter et faire respecter<\/em> les conventions en toutes circonstances<\/em>. Il s\u2019agit aussi de la supr\u00e9matie des trait\u00e9s ratifi\u00e9s dans le droit constitutionnel am\u00e9ricain<\/em> (article VI), et du principe de non-contradiction dans l\u2019interpr\u00e9tation du droit international. Aucune man\u0153uvre politique, aucun communiqu\u00e9 conjoint, aucun rapport de think tank ne peut renverser cela.<\/p>\n

Alors pourquoi cette r\u00e9alit\u00e9 est-elle absente des gros titres ?<\/p>\n

Parce que la v\u00e9rit\u00e9 d\u00e9range. Parce que la reconna\u00eetre oblige \u00e0 affronter une v\u00e9rit\u00e9 juridique centrale que le Maroc redoute par-dessus tout : que sa pr\u00e9sence au Sahara occidental n\u2019est pas une administration, ni une souverainet\u00e9, mais une occupation<\/em>. Et avec l\u2019occupation vient la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 de la r\u00e9sistance.<\/p>\n

C\u2019est ce que le gouvernement marocain ne peut pas expliquer \u00e0 sa propre population. Que des d\u00e9cennies de lobbying diplomatique et de co\u00fbteuses campagnes de relations publiques p\u00e8sent peu face \u00e0 un document irr\u00e9futable : les Conventions de Gen\u00e8ve. Il en va de m\u00eame pour Paris et Washington \u2014 des gouvernements qui ne peuvent exiger le respect du droit \u00e0 Kiev ou \u00e0 Gaza, tout en le jetant aux oubliettes \u00e0 El-Aaioun.<\/p>\n

Tenter de d\u00e9signer le POLISARIO comme une organisation terroriste rel\u00e8ve donc de plus qu\u2019un th\u00e9\u00e2tre politique \u2014 c\u2019est un cas d\u2019amn\u00e9sie juridique<\/em>. Mais le droit international, lui, n\u2019oublie pas si facilement. Il est consign\u00e9, sign\u00e9, ratifi\u00e9 \u2014 et toujours contraignant.<\/p>\n

La v\u00e9ritable histoire n\u2019est pas celle que certains m\u00e9dias cherchent \u00e0 fabriquer. La v\u00e9ritable histoire est celle qu\u2019ils refusent de raconter. Mais il n\u2019est pas trop tard pour s\u2019en souvenir.<\/p>\n

Traduit de https:\/\/www.geopolitika.ru\/en\/article\/what-not-known-about-polisario?utm_referrer=https%3a%2f%2fwww.google.com%2f<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ces derniers temps, certains m\u00e9dias \u2014 \u00e9trangement align\u00e9s sur les cercles diplomatiques marocains \u2014 ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00e9voquer une suppos\u00e9e \u00ab initiative…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":115091,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[39,53,49],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-115090","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles-en-vedette","category-le-sahara-algerien","category-politique"],"yoast_head":"\nCe qu\u2019on ne dit pas sur le POLISARIO - AAH.JZR<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/ce-quon-ne-dit-pas-sur-le-polisario\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ce qu\u2019on ne dit pas sur le POLISARIO - 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