{"id":115243,"date":"2025-05-18T18:45:06","date_gmt":"2025-05-18T17:45:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/?p=115243"},"modified":"2025-05-18T18:48:36","modified_gmt":"2025-05-18T17:48:36","slug":"partie-3-pourquoi-la-competence-nemerge-pas-le-troisieme-verrou-du-systeme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/partie-3-pourquoi-la-competence-nemerge-pas-le-troisieme-verrou-du-systeme\/","title":{"rendered":"Partie 3 \u2014 Pourquoi la comp\u00e9tence n\u2019\u00e9merge pas: le Troisi\u00e8me Verrou du Syst\u00e8me &#8230;"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"115243\" class=\"elementor elementor-115243\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"penci-section penci-disSticky penci-structure-10 elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1d2e354d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1d2e354d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"penci-ercol-100 penci-ercol-order-1 penci-sticky-ct    elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3444a988\" data-id=\"3444a988\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46449eef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"46449eef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"\" data-start=\"416\" data-end=\"433\"><em data-start=\"416\" data-end=\"433\">Par Hope&amp;ChaDia<\/em><\/p><p class=\"\" data-start=\"435\" data-end=\"517\">Dans nos deux premiers articles, nous avons expos\u00e9 deux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s structurelles :<\/p><ul data-start=\"518\" data-end=\"709\"><li class=\"\" data-start=\"518\" data-end=\"592\"><p class=\"\" data-start=\"520\" data-end=\"592\"><strong data-start=\"520\" data-end=\"546\">La comp\u00e9tence est rare<\/strong> \u2014 et cette raret\u00e9 est trop souvent ignor\u00e9e: <a href=\"\/fr?p=115186\">https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/les-competences-existent-mais-sont-bloquees-mythe-commode-ou-diagnostic-reel\/<\/a><\/p><\/li><li class=\"\" data-start=\"593\" data-end=\"709\"><p class=\"\" data-start=\"595\" data-end=\"709\"><strong data-start=\"595\" data-end=\"637\">La comp\u00e9tence s\u2019organise difficilement<\/strong>, contrairement \u00e0 l\u2019incomp\u00e9tence, qui, par r\u00e9flexe d\u00e9fensif, forme bloc: <a href=\"\/fr?p=115206\">https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/partie-2-les-competences-existent-mais-sont-bloquees-mythe-commode-ou-diagnostic-reel\/<\/a><\/p><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"\" data-start=\"711\" data-end=\"1045\">Mais il y a un troisi\u00e8me ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne qui verrouille encore davantage la situation. Ce n\u2019est pas seulement que la comp\u00e9tence est fragile : c\u2019est qu\u2019<strong data-start=\"856\" data-end=\"916\">elle est fr\u00e9quemment \u00e9cart\u00e9e au profit de l\u2019incomp\u00e9tence<\/strong>.<br data-start=\"917\" data-end=\"920\" \/>Et cette fois, il ne s\u2019agit pas d\u2019un dysfonctionnement ponctuel. C\u2019est une m\u00e9canique \u2014 <em data-start=\"1007\" data-end=\"1044\">une m\u00e9canique qui s\u2019auto-entretient<\/em>.<\/p><h2 data-start=\"1052\" data-end=\"1104\">\u00a0<\/h2><h2 class=\"\" data-start=\"1052\" data-end=\"1104\">Une logique de promotion structurellement biais\u00e9e<\/h2><p class=\"\" data-start=\"1106\" data-end=\"1329\">Il faut le dire sans d\u00e9tour : dans beaucoup d\u2019organisations, <em data-start=\"1167\" data-end=\"1247\">les crit\u00e8res de promotion ne sont pas faits pour d\u00e9tecter la comp\u00e9tence r\u00e9elle<\/em>. Ce sont d&#8217;autres facteurs, souvent moins visibles, qui font pencher la balance :<\/p><h4 style=\"padding-left: 40px;\" data-start=\"1331\" data-end=\"1364\">1. Le <strong data-start=\"1341\" data-end=\"1362\">principe de Peter<\/strong><\/h4><p class=\"\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\" data-start=\"1365\" data-end=\"1626\">Formul\u00e9 par Laurence J. Peter, ce principe soutient que dans une hi\u00e9rarchie, tout employ\u00e9 a tendance \u00e0 s\u2019\u00e9lever \u00e0 son niveau d\u2019incomp\u00e9tence. En gros, quelqu\u2019un qui est bon dans son poste est promu\u2026 jusqu\u2019\u00e0 ce qu\u2019il atteigne un poste pour lequel il n\u2019a pas les comp\u00e9tences requises. Et l\u00e0, il y reste, souvent pour longtemps.<\/p><h4 style=\"padding-left: 40px;\" data-start=\"1628\" data-end=\"1682\">2. La <strong data-start=\"1638\" data-end=\"1680\">confusion entre performance et posture<\/strong><\/h4><p class=\"\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\" data-start=\"1683\" data-end=\"1945\">Un excellent ing\u00e9nieur, un bon vendeur ou un bon analyste\u2026 n\u2019est pas forc\u00e9ment un bon manager. Mais on les promeut en pensant que leurs comp\u00e9tences techniques suffisent, sans \u00e9valuer leur aptitude \u00e0 diriger, motiver ou prendre des d\u00e9cisions strat\u00e9giques.<\/p><h4 style=\"padding-left: 40px;\" data-start=\"1947\" data-end=\"1997\">3. Les <strong data-start=\"1958\" data-end=\"1995\">logiques d\u2019affinit\u00e9 et de loyaut\u00e9<\/strong><\/h4><p class=\"\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\" data-start=\"1998\" data-end=\"2240\">Dans beaucoup d\u2019organisations, la comp\u00e9tence n\u2019est pas le seul crit\u00e8re de promotion. Il y a aussi les r\u00e9seaux, les affinit\u00e9s personnelles, les loyaut\u00e9s, et parfois les jeux de pouvoir. Cela peut favoriser ceux qui savent \u00ab bien jouer \u00bb, au d\u00e9triment de ceux qui savent \u00ab bien faire \u00bb.<\/p><h4 style=\"padding-left: 40px;\" data-start=\"2242\" data-end=\"2277\">4. Le <strong data-start=\"2252\" data-end=\"2275\">management d\u00e9fensif<\/strong><\/h4><p class=\"\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\" data-start=\"2278\" data-end=\"2432\">Parfois, une personne est promue non pas pour sa valeur, mais pour l\u2019\u00e9carter d\u2019un service, ou pour \u00e9viter un conflit. On pense : \u00ab Au lieu de le virer, on va le promouvoir\u2026 il ne fera plus de d\u00e9g\u00e2ts ici. \u00bb Oui, \u00e7a existe, ou encore:<\/p><blockquote><p class=\"\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\" data-start=\"2278\" data-end=\"2432\">\u00ab On ne peut pas le licencier, mais on peut le pousser vers le haut. \u00bb<\/p><\/blockquote><h4 style=\"padding-left: 40px;\" data-start=\"2507\" data-end=\"2549\">5. L\u2019<strong data-start=\"2516\" data-end=\"2547\">absence de feedback honn\u00eate :\u00a0<\/strong><\/h4><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\" data-start=\"2507\" data-end=\"2549\">Dans les environnements o\u00f9 les \u00e9valuations sont biais\u00e9es, les erreurs camoufl\u00e9es, et o\u00f9 personne n\u2019ose dire que \u00ab le roi est nu \u00bb, les incomp\u00e9tents montent\u2026 car aucune sonnette d\u2019alarme ne retentit \u00e0 temps.<\/p><h4 style=\"padding-left: 40px;\" data-start=\"2550\" data-end=\"2800\">6. L\u2019effet Dunning-Kruger<\/h4><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\" data-start=\"2550\" data-end=\"2800\">Ce biais cognitif montre que les moins comp\u00e9tents surestiment souvent leur niveau, tandis que les plus comp\u00e9tents doutent d\u2019eux-m\u00eames. R\u00e9sultat ? Ceux qui se mettent en avant, qui paraissent s\u00fbrs d\u2019eux, qui \u201cvendent\u201d bien, sont parfois promus\u2026 m\u00eame si leurs r\u00e9sultats sont discutables.<\/p><h2 data-start=\"2807\" data-end=\"2864\">\u00a0<\/h2><h2 class=\"\" data-start=\"2807\" data-end=\"2864\">Quand la comp\u00e9tence est rare, l\u2019impact est d\u00e9multipli\u00e9<\/h2><p class=\"\" data-start=\"2866\" data-end=\"3055\">Ces erreurs de promotion seraient d\u00e9j\u00e0 graves dans un syst\u00e8me riche en talents.<br data-start=\"2945\" data-end=\"2948\" \/>Mais quand la comp\u00e9tence est <strong data-start=\"2977\" data-end=\"2999\">d\u00e9j\u00e0 peu nombreuse<\/strong>, ces choix deviennent <em data-start=\"3022\" data-end=\"3034\">meurtriers<\/em> pour l\u2019organisation.<\/p><p class=\"\" data-start=\"3057\" data-end=\"3077\">Tu perds deux fois :<\/p><ol data-start=\"3078\" data-end=\"3216\"><li class=\"\" data-start=\"3078\" data-end=\"3150\"><p class=\"\" data-start=\"3081\" data-end=\"3150\">Tu donnes le pouvoir \u00e0 quelqu\u2019un qui va faire r\u00e9gresser le syst\u00e8me.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"\" data-start=\"3151\" data-end=\"3216\"><p class=\"\" data-start=\"3154\" data-end=\"3216\">Tu d\u00e9courages (ou fais fuir) ceux qui auraient pu l\u2019am\u00e9liorer.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><p class=\"\" data-start=\"3218\" data-end=\"3356\">Et comme les incomp\u00e9tents ont tendance \u00e0 recruter d\u2019autres profils aussi inoffensifs qu\u2019eux\u2026 c\u2019est <strong data-start=\"3317\" data-end=\"3355\">la m\u00e9diocrit\u00e9 qui devient la norme<\/strong>.<\/p><h2 data-start=\"3363\" data-end=\"3426\">\u00a0<\/h2><h2 class=\"\" data-start=\"3363\" data-end=\"3426\">Ce n\u2019est pas un mal du Sud. C\u2019est une m\u00e9canique universelle.<\/h2><p class=\"\" data-start=\"3428\" data-end=\"3629\">Il serait tentant de croire que cette logique n\u2019existe que dans les pays en d\u00e9veloppement, les syst\u00e8mes client\u00e9listes ou les bureaucraties vieillissantes.<br data-start=\"3582\" data-end=\"3585\" \/>Mais <strong data-start=\"3590\" data-end=\"3629\">ce serait une erreur de diagnostic.<\/strong><\/p><p class=\"\" data-start=\"3631\" data-end=\"3735\">Des travaux de sociologie des organisations et de management montrent que ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne est mondial, en effet le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne de promotion de l\u2019incomp\u00e9tence n\u2019est pas propre aux pays du Sud. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9 et analys\u00e9 dans des environnements hautement d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et performants :<\/p><p class=\"\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\" data-start=\"337\" data-end=\"609\">\u2022 Le <strong data-start=\"342\" data-end=\"363\">principe de Peter<\/strong>, formul\u00e9 par Laurence J. Peter en 1969 aux \u00c9tats-Unis, a \u00e9t\u00e9 confirm\u00e9 par de nombreuses \u00e9tudes contemporaines, notamment dans le <em data-start=\"493\" data-end=\"538\">Journal of Economic Behavior &amp; Organization<\/em> (2018), qui a mod\u00e9lis\u00e9 le ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne dans des simulations d\u2019entreprise.<\/p><p class=\"\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\" data-start=\"614\" data-end=\"859\">\u2022 Une \u00e9tude publi\u00e9e dans le <em data-start=\"642\" data-end=\"667\">Harvard Business Review<\/em> (Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic, 2013) montre que les individus trop confiants, narcissiques ou charismatiques sont plus souvent promus \u2014 au d\u00e9triment de profils plus comp\u00e9tents mais moins visibles.<\/p><p class=\"\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\" data-start=\"864\" data-end=\"1151\">\u2022 Dans un rapport McKinsey de 2019 sur le leadership, il est observ\u00e9 que <strong data-start=\"937\" data-end=\"1021\">seulement 20% des cadres dirigeants sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme r\u00e9ellement performants<\/strong>, souvent parce que les processus de promotion r\u00e9compensent des crit\u00e8res de conformit\u00e9 ou de r\u00e9seau plus que de comp\u00e9tence r\u00e9elle.<\/p><p class=\"\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\" data-start=\"1156\" data-end=\"1470\">\u2022 Le cas de <strong data-start=\"1168\" data-end=\"1177\">Nokia<\/strong>, \u00e9tudi\u00e9 par Yves Doz et Keeley Wilson (<em data-start=\"1217\" data-end=\"1282\">Ringtone: Exploring the Rise and Fall of Nokia in Mobile Phones<\/em>, 2017), illustre comment une culture d\u2019entreprise qui \u00e9vitait la confrontation et favorisait la loyaut\u00e9 interne a tu\u00e9 l\u2019innovation et laiss\u00e9 des incomp\u00e9tents g\u00e9rer des p\u00e9riodes critiques.<\/p><p class=\"\" style=\"padding-left: 40px;\" data-start=\"1475\" data-end=\"1701\">\u2022 Le sociologue Alain Ehrenberg, dans <em data-start=\"1513\" data-end=\"1536\">La fatigue d\u2019\u00eatre soi<\/em>, analyse comment des syst\u00e8mes modernes peuvent conduire \u00e0 la mise en avant de profils lisses, adapt\u00e9s aux normes, mais souvent peu comp\u00e9tents \u00e0 g\u00e9rer le changement.<\/p><p data-start=\"1475\" data-end=\"1701\">\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"\" data-start=\"1706\" data-end=\"1862\">\u27a4 <em data-start=\"1708\" data-end=\"1860\">En r\u00e9sum\u00e9 : ce n\u2019est pas une d\u00e9faillance du Sud. C\u2019est une faille universelle dans la fa\u00e7on dont les organisations humaines s\u00e9lectionnent leurs chefs.<\/em><\/p><blockquote data-start=\"4288\" data-end=\"4438\"><p class=\"\" data-start=\"4290\" data-end=\"4438\">Ce que beaucoup appellent \u00ab le paradoxe du leadership \u00bb :<br data-start=\"4347\" data-end=\"4350\" \/><em data-start=\"4352\" data-end=\"4438\">les meilleurs profils n\u2019acc\u00e8dent pas au pouvoir, parce qu\u2019ils doutent, ou d\u00e9rangent.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote><h3 data-start=\"155\" data-end=\"173\">\u00a0<\/h3><h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"155\" data-end=\"173\"><em data-start=\"159\" data-end=\"173\">Notre avis ?<\/em><\/h3><p class=\"\" data-start=\"175\" data-end=\"483\">La promotion de l\u2019incomp\u00e9tence n\u2019est pas une d\u00e9faillance individuelle, ni m\u00eame un simple probl\u00e8me de gouvernance.<br data-start=\"288\" data-end=\"291\" \/>C\u2019est une m\u00e9canique bien plus profonde, qui touche <strong data-start=\"342\" data-end=\"379\">tous les niveaux de la hi\u00e9rarchie<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"381\" data-end=\"419\">dans le public comme dans le priv\u00e9<\/strong>, y compris dans des <strong data-start=\"440\" data-end=\"482\">entreprises familiales ou associatives<\/strong>.<\/p><p class=\"\" data-start=\"485\" data-end=\"821\">Ce serait une erreur \u2014 une facilit\u00e9, m\u00eame \u2014 de rejeter la faute uniquement sur \u00ab l\u2019\u00c9tat \u00bb, \u00ab les dirigeants \u00bb, ou \u00ab les responsables \u00bb. Car ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne est <strong data-start=\"642\" data-end=\"656\">syst\u00e9mique<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"658\" data-end=\"671\">universel<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"673\" data-end=\"688\">transversal<\/strong>. Il ne vient pas seulement du sommet : <em data-start=\"728\" data-end=\"820\">il s\u2019installe partout o\u00f9 la loyaut\u00e9, la conformit\u00e9 ou l\u2019apparence remplacent l\u2019impact r\u00e9el<\/em>.<\/p><p class=\"\" data-start=\"823\" data-end=\"869\">Et tant qu\u2019on ne r\u00e9formera pas en profondeur :<\/p><ul data-start=\"870\" data-end=\"985\"><li class=\"\" data-start=\"870\" data-end=\"905\"><p class=\"\" data-start=\"872\" data-end=\"905\">les crit\u00e8res de reconnaissance,<\/p><\/li><li class=\"\" data-start=\"906\" data-end=\"936\"><p class=\"\" data-start=\"908\" data-end=\"936\">les m\u00e9thodes de s\u00e9lection,<\/p><\/li><li class=\"\" data-start=\"937\" data-end=\"985\"><p class=\"\" data-start=\"939\" data-end=\"985\">et la culture du feedback honn\u00eate et exigeant,<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"\" data-start=\"987\" data-end=\"1184\">on continuera \u00e0 promouvoir des figures lisses, \u00e0 produire des \u00e9lites qui d\u00e9sapprennent \u00e0 faire, et \u00e0 confier des leviers \u00e0 des gestionnaires de fa\u00e7ade \u2014 <em data-start=\"1140\" data-end=\"1184\">qui organisent l\u2019inaction avec efficacit\u00e9.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Par Hope&amp;ChaDia Dans nos deux premiers articles, nous avons expos\u00e9 deux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s structurelles : La comp\u00e9tence est rare \u2014 et cette raret\u00e9&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":115247,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[39,49,50],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-115243","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles-en-vedette","category-politique","category-science-fr"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Partie 3 \u2014 Pourquoi la comp\u00e9tence n\u2019\u00e9merge pas: le Troisi\u00e8me Verrou du Syst\u00e8me ... - AAH.JZR<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/partie-3-pourquoi-la-competence-nemerge-pas-le-troisieme-verrou-du-systeme\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Partie 3 \u2014 Pourquoi la comp\u00e9tence n\u2019\u00e9merge pas: le Troisi\u00e8me Verrou du Syst\u00e8me ... - AAH.JZR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Par Hope&amp;ChaDia Dans nos deux premiers articles, nous avons expos\u00e9 deux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s structurelles : La comp\u00e9tence est rare \u2014 et cette raret\u00e9&hellip;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/partie-3-pourquoi-la-competence-nemerge-pas-le-troisieme-verrou-du-systeme\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"AAH.JZR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/jazairhope\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-05-18T17:45:06+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-05-18T17:48:36+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/M.-Walid-Sadi-Ministre-des-Sports-et-President-de-la-Federation-Algerienne-de-Football-17.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"960\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"540\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Hope Jzr\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Hope Jzr\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jazairhope.org\\\/fr\\\/partie-3-pourquoi-la-competence-nemerge-pas-le-troisieme-verrou-du-systeme\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jazairhope.org\\\/fr\\\/partie-3-pourquoi-la-competence-nemerge-pas-le-troisieme-verrou-du-systeme\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Hope Jzr\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jazairhope.org\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/0b50f60fad840cf92313307e38c9d20d\"},\"headline\":\"Partie 3 \u2014 Pourquoi la comp\u00e9tence n\u2019\u00e9merge pas: le Troisi\u00e8me Verrou du Syst\u00e8me &#8230;\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-05-18T17:45:06+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-05-18T17:48:36+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jazairhope.org\\\/fr\\\/partie-3-pourquoi-la-competence-nemerge-pas-le-troisieme-verrou-du-systeme\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1158,\"commentCount\":2,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jazairhope.org\\\/fr\\\/partie-3-pourquoi-la-competence-nemerge-pas-le-troisieme-verrou-du-systeme\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jazairhope.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/05\\\/M.-Walid-Sadi-Ministre-des-Sports-et-President-de-la-Federation-Algerienne-de-Football-17.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Articles en vedette\",\"Politique\",\"Science &amp; Technologie\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/jazairhope.org\\\/fr\\\/partie-3-pourquoi-la-competence-nemerge-pas-le-troisieme-verrou-du-systeme\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jazairhope.org\\\/fr\\\/partie-3-pourquoi-la-competence-nemerge-pas-le-troisieme-verrou-du-systeme\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jazairhope.org\\\/fr\\\/partie-3-pourquoi-la-competence-nemerge-pas-le-troisieme-verrou-du-systeme\\\/\",\"name\":\"Partie 3 \u2014 Pourquoi la comp\u00e9tence n\u2019\u00e9merge pas: le Troisi\u00e8me Verrou du Syst\u00e8me ... - AAH.JZR\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jazairhope.org\\\/fr\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jazairhope.org\\\/fr\\\/partie-3-pourquoi-la-competence-nemerge-pas-le-troisieme-verrou-du-systeme\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jazairhope.org\\\/fr\\\/partie-3-pourquoi-la-competence-nemerge-pas-le-troisieme-verrou-du-systeme\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jazairhope.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/05\\\/M.-Walid-Sadi-Ministre-des-Sports-et-President-de-la-Federation-Algerienne-de-Football-17.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-05-18T17:45:06+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-05-18T17:48:36+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jazairhope.org\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/0b50f60fad840cf92313307e38c9d20d\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jazairhope.org\\\/fr\\\/partie-3-pourquoi-la-competence-nemerge-pas-le-troisieme-verrou-du-systeme\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/jazairhope.org\\\/fr\\\/partie-3-pourquoi-la-competence-nemerge-pas-le-troisieme-verrou-du-systeme\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jazairhope.org\\\/fr\\\/partie-3-pourquoi-la-competence-nemerge-pas-le-troisieme-verrou-du-systeme\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jazairhope.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/05\\\/M.-Walid-Sadi-Ministre-des-Sports-et-President-de-la-Federation-Algerienne-de-Football-17.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jazairhope.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/05\\\/M.-Walid-Sadi-Ministre-des-Sports-et-President-de-la-Federation-Algerienne-de-Football-17.jpg\",\"width\":960,\"height\":540},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jazairhope.org\\\/fr\\\/partie-3-pourquoi-la-competence-nemerge-pas-le-troisieme-verrou-du-systeme\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Accueil\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jazairhope.org\\\/fr\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Partie 3 \u2014 Pourquoi la comp\u00e9tence n\u2019\u00e9merge pas: le Troisi\u00e8me Verrou du Syst\u00e8me &#8230;\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jazairhope.org\\\/fr\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jazairhope.org\\\/fr\\\/\",\"name\":\"AAH.JZR\",\"description\":\"Environment, Health, Science, Art, Economics\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jazairhope.org\\\/fr\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jazairhope.org\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/0b50f60fad840cf92313307e38c9d20d\",\"name\":\"Hope Jzr\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/0a42f66f14ba94b77f351f3bb2f3b9389c4063acb1697ffb32f5d3944782d3e7?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/0a42f66f14ba94b77f351f3bb2f3b9389c4063acb1697ffb32f5d3944782d3e7?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/0a42f66f14ba94b77f351f3bb2f3b9389c4063acb1697ffb32f5d3944782d3e7?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Hope Jzr\"},\"description\":\"\u00c0 propos de Hope&amp;ChaDia Hope&amp;ChaDia n\u2019est pas un pseudonyme, mais une m\u00e9thode de travail. Hope : l\u2019id\u00e9e, l\u2019esprit, la structure, la vision. C\u2019est l\u2019impulsion humaine qui choisit l\u2019angle, trace la ligne \u00e9ditoriale et donne le sens. ChaDia : l\u2019assistante, qui met en forme, d\u00e9veloppe, affine le style et v\u00e9rifie les faits. Une aide technologique qui amplifie mais ne cr\u00e9e pas. Ensemble, Hope&amp;ChaDia produisent des textes hybrides : profond\u00e9ment humains dans leur inspiration, rigoureux et pr\u00e9cis dans leur r\u00e9alisation. . . SUPPORTEZ JAZAIRHOPE ET FAITES CONNA\u00ceTRE LE PATRIMOINE ET L\u2019HISTOIRE DE L\u2019ALG\u00c9RIE, EN ACHETANT LE LIVRE DE JAZAIRHOPE POUR VOUS OU POUR L\u2019OFFRIR A VOS PROCHES, ICI : https:\\\/\\\/jazairhope.org\\\/fr\\\/ebook\\\/ CEUX EN ALG\u00c9RIE ET CEUX QUI PEUVENT PAS L\u2019ACHETER ON OFFRE UNE COPIE DIGITALE GRATUITE, POUR CELA ENVOYEZ UN EMAIL \u00c0 : INFO@JAZAIRHOPE.ORG\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/jazairhope.org\\\/fr\\\/author\\\/hope-jazair\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Partie 3 \u2014 Pourquoi la comp\u00e9tence n\u2019\u00e9merge pas: le Troisi\u00e8me Verrou du Syst\u00e8me ... - AAH.JZR","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/partie-3-pourquoi-la-competence-nemerge-pas-le-troisieme-verrou-du-systeme\/","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Partie 3 \u2014 Pourquoi la comp\u00e9tence n\u2019\u00e9merge pas: le Troisi\u00e8me Verrou du Syst\u00e8me ... - AAH.JZR","og_description":"Par Hope&amp;ChaDia Dans nos deux premiers articles, nous avons expos\u00e9 deux r\u00e9alit\u00e9s structurelles : La comp\u00e9tence est rare \u2014 et cette raret\u00e9&hellip;","og_url":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/partie-3-pourquoi-la-competence-nemerge-pas-le-troisieme-verrou-du-systeme\/","og_site_name":"AAH.JZR","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/jazairhope","article_published_time":"2025-05-18T17:45:06+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-05-18T17:48:36+00:00","og_image":[{"width":960,"height":540,"url":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/M.-Walid-Sadi-Ministre-des-Sports-et-President-de-la-Federation-Algerienne-de-Football-17.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Hope Jzr","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u00c9crit par":"Hope Jzr","Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/partie-3-pourquoi-la-competence-nemerge-pas-le-troisieme-verrou-du-systeme\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/partie-3-pourquoi-la-competence-nemerge-pas-le-troisieme-verrou-du-systeme\/"},"author":{"name":"Hope Jzr","@id":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/0b50f60fad840cf92313307e38c9d20d"},"headline":"Partie 3 \u2014 Pourquoi la comp\u00e9tence n\u2019\u00e9merge pas: le Troisi\u00e8me Verrou du Syst\u00e8me &#8230;","datePublished":"2025-05-18T17:45:06+00:00","dateModified":"2025-05-18T17:48:36+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/partie-3-pourquoi-la-competence-nemerge-pas-le-troisieme-verrou-du-systeme\/"},"wordCount":1158,"commentCount":2,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/partie-3-pourquoi-la-competence-nemerge-pas-le-troisieme-verrou-du-systeme\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/M.-Walid-Sadi-Ministre-des-Sports-et-President-de-la-Federation-Algerienne-de-Football-17.jpg","articleSection":["Articles en vedette","Politique","Science &amp; Technologie"],"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/partie-3-pourquoi-la-competence-nemerge-pas-le-troisieme-verrou-du-systeme\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/partie-3-pourquoi-la-competence-nemerge-pas-le-troisieme-verrou-du-systeme\/","url":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/partie-3-pourquoi-la-competence-nemerge-pas-le-troisieme-verrou-du-systeme\/","name":"Partie 3 \u2014 Pourquoi la comp\u00e9tence n\u2019\u00e9merge pas: le Troisi\u00e8me Verrou du Syst\u00e8me ... - AAH.JZR","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/partie-3-pourquoi-la-competence-nemerge-pas-le-troisieme-verrou-du-systeme\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/partie-3-pourquoi-la-competence-nemerge-pas-le-troisieme-verrou-du-systeme\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/M.-Walid-Sadi-Ministre-des-Sports-et-President-de-la-Federation-Algerienne-de-Football-17.jpg","datePublished":"2025-05-18T17:45:06+00:00","dateModified":"2025-05-18T17:48:36+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/0b50f60fad840cf92313307e38c9d20d"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/partie-3-pourquoi-la-competence-nemerge-pas-le-troisieme-verrou-du-systeme\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/partie-3-pourquoi-la-competence-nemerge-pas-le-troisieme-verrou-du-systeme\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/partie-3-pourquoi-la-competence-nemerge-pas-le-troisieme-verrou-du-systeme\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/M.-Walid-Sadi-Ministre-des-Sports-et-President-de-la-Federation-Algerienne-de-Football-17.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/M.-Walid-Sadi-Ministre-des-Sports-et-President-de-la-Federation-Algerienne-de-Football-17.jpg","width":960,"height":540},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/partie-3-pourquoi-la-competence-nemerge-pas-le-troisieme-verrou-du-systeme\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Accueil","item":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Partie 3 \u2014 Pourquoi la comp\u00e9tence n\u2019\u00e9merge pas: le Troisi\u00e8me Verrou du Syst\u00e8me &#8230;"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/","name":"AAH.JZR","description":"Environment, Health, Science, Art, Economics","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/0b50f60fad840cf92313307e38c9d20d","name":"Hope Jzr","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0a42f66f14ba94b77f351f3bb2f3b9389c4063acb1697ffb32f5d3944782d3e7?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0a42f66f14ba94b77f351f3bb2f3b9389c4063acb1697ffb32f5d3944782d3e7?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0a42f66f14ba94b77f351f3bb2f3b9389c4063acb1697ffb32f5d3944782d3e7?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Hope Jzr"},"description":"\u00c0 propos de Hope&amp;ChaDia Hope&amp;ChaDia n\u2019est pas un pseudonyme, mais une m\u00e9thode de travail. Hope : l\u2019id\u00e9e, l\u2019esprit, la structure, la vision. C\u2019est l\u2019impulsion humaine qui choisit l\u2019angle, trace la ligne \u00e9ditoriale et donne le sens. ChaDia : l\u2019assistante, qui met en forme, d\u00e9veloppe, affine le style et v\u00e9rifie les faits. Une aide technologique qui amplifie mais ne cr\u00e9e pas. Ensemble, Hope&amp;ChaDia produisent des textes hybrides : profond\u00e9ment humains dans leur inspiration, rigoureux et pr\u00e9cis dans leur r\u00e9alisation. . . SUPPORTEZ JAZAIRHOPE ET FAITES CONNA\u00ceTRE LE PATRIMOINE ET L\u2019HISTOIRE DE L\u2019ALG\u00c9RIE, EN ACHETANT LE LIVRE DE JAZAIRHOPE POUR VOUS OU POUR L\u2019OFFRIR A VOS PROCHES, ICI : https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/ebook\/ CEUX EN ALG\u00c9RIE ET CEUX QUI PEUVENT PAS L\u2019ACHETER ON OFFRE UNE COPIE DIGITALE GRATUITE, POUR CELA ENVOYEZ UN EMAIL \u00c0 : INFO@JAZAIRHOPE.ORG","url":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/author\/hope-jazair\/"}]}},"views":358,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/115243","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/50"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=115243"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/115243\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":115254,"href":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/115243\/revisions\/115254"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/115247"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=115243"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=115243"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=115243"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}