{"id":115936,"date":"2025-06-19T08:13:51","date_gmt":"2025-06-19T07:13:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/?p=115936"},"modified":"2025-06-19T08:58:52","modified_gmt":"2025-06-19T07:58:52","slug":"oui-lalgerie-a-rompu-avec-les-reformes-du-fmi-pour-se-developper-souverainement","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/oui-lalgerie-a-rompu-avec-les-reformes-du-fmi-pour-se-developper-souverainement\/","title":{"rendered":"Oui, l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie a Rompu avec les R\u00e9formes du FMI\u2026 Pour se D\u00e9velopper Souverainement"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"115936\" class=\"elementor elementor-115936\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"penci-section penci-disSticky penci-structure-10 elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a9a643f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a9a643f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"penci-ercol-100 penci-ercol-order-1 penci-sticky-ct    elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5b000cee\" data-id=\"5b000cee\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a46c67b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7a46c67b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"281\" data-end=\"292\">Hope&amp;ChaDia<\/p><p data-start=\"294\" data-end=\"920\">L\u2019article de M. Abderrahmi Bessaha publi\u00e9 dans <em data-start=\"341\" data-end=\"351\">El Watan<\/em> le 18 juin 2025 (\u201cDu choc p\u00e9trolier de 1986 au programme de r\u00e9formes appuy\u00e9 par le FMI et la Banque mondiale\u201d \u2013 <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/elwatan-dz.com\/du-choc-petrolier-de-1986-au-programme-de-reformes-appuye-par-le-fmi-et-la-banque-mondiale\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"464\" data-end=\"589\">lien ici<\/a>) retrace avec rigueur les r\u00e9formes macro\u00e9conomiques engag\u00e9es en Alg\u00e9rie entre 1994 et 1998, dans un contexte de crise s\u00e9v\u00e8re. <strong>Il conclut \u00e0 une interruption regrettable de ces r\u00e9formes, au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 2000, qui aurait priv\u00e9 le pays de la possibilit\u00e9 de consolider ses acquis pour b\u00e2tir un nouveau mod\u00e8le de croissance durable.<\/strong><\/p><blockquote><p data-start=\"922\" data-end=\"1184\">Mais ce diagnostic pose une question simple, presque d\u00e9rangeante : <em data-start=\"989\" data-end=\"1184\">comment peut-on qualifier de rupture ou de d\u00e9mant\u00e8lement r\u00e9formateur une p\u00e9riode \u2014 2000 \u00e0 2019 \u2014 durant laquelle l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie a connu sa plus forte progression en mati\u00e8re de d\u00e9veloppement humain ? &#8230;. ET cela ne s\u2019explique pas par une manne p\u00e9troli\u00e8re exceptionnelle &#8230;<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote><p data-start=\"922\" data-end=\"1184\"><em data-start=\"989\" data-end=\"1184\"><div class=\"ose-youtube ose-uid-f578d0df62a4dfc8dd697c0734f1c5b2 ose-embedpress-responsive\" style=\"width:600px; height:550px; max-height:550px; max-width:100%; display:inline-block;\"><iframe allowFullScreen=\"true\" title=\"IDH : DEVELOPPEMENT HUMAIN ET INEGALITES EN ALGERIE.....\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\" width=\"600\" height=\"550\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/GdhRP3okVmc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; encrypted-media;accelerometer;autoplay;clipboard-write;gyroscope;picture-in-picture clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div><\/em><\/p><h3 data-start=\"1191\" data-end=\"1227\">\u00a0<\/h3><h3 data-start=\"1191\" data-end=\"1227\">M\u00eame richesse, deux trajectoires !!!<\/h3><p data-start=\"1229\" data-end=\"1912\">Comme nous l\u2019avons expos\u00e9 dans notre propre article (\u201cR\u00e9flexion : La Loi sur les Hydrocarbures \/ ALNAFT a-t-elle rendu l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie plus r\u00e9siliente ?\u201d \u2013 <a class=\"\" href=\"\/fr?p=115371\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"1379\" data-end=\"1559\">lien ici<\/a>), les recettes par habitant tir\u00e9es des hydrocarbures entre 2000 et 2019, une fois ajust\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019inflation, sont comparables \u00e0 celles de la p\u00e9riode 1970\u20131989. Et pourtant, l\u00e0 o\u00f9 la premi\u00e8re p\u00e9riode a conduit \u00e0 une explosion sociale et une faillite financi\u00e8re, la seconde a permis \u00e0 l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie de stabiliser, de d\u00e9sendetter, de construire et de progresser.<\/p><p data-start=\"1914\" data-end=\"2207\">L\u2019Indice de D\u00e9veloppement Humain est pass\u00e9 de 0,65 \u00e0 0,73. Le pays est entr\u00e9 dans la cat\u00e9gorie des IDH \u00e9lev\u00e9s. Et cette progression, contrairement \u00e0 un mythe r\u00e9pandu, ne s\u2019explique pas par une manne p\u00e9troli\u00e8re exceptionnelle : elle s\u2019explique par <em data-start=\"2161\" data-end=\"2206\">la mani\u00e8re dont cette rente a \u00e9t\u00e9 gouvern\u00e9e<\/em>.<\/p><h3 data-start=\"2214\" data-end=\"2258\">R\u00e9formes visibles, r\u00e9formes silencieuses<\/h3><p data-start=\"2260\" data-end=\"2594\">Ce que M. Bessaha d\u00e9crit comme \u201cl\u2019abandon de l\u2019\u00e9lan r\u00e9formateur\u201d peut, de notre point de vue, \u00eatre interpr\u00e9t\u00e9 autrement. Non comme une pause, mais comme <em data-start=\"2413\" data-end=\"2430\">une bifurcation<\/em>. L\u2019Alg\u00e9rie, au lieu de poursuivre des r\u00e9formes impuls\u00e9es sous contrainte ext\u00e9rieure, <em data-start=\"2516\" data-end=\"2593\">a entrepris une r\u00e9organisation interne plus discr\u00e8te mais plus structurante<\/em>.<\/p><p data-start=\"2596\" data-end=\"3098\">La cr\u00e9ation d\u2019ALNAFT en 2005, par exemple, a mis fin \u00e0 la confusion de r\u00f4les au sein de Sonatrach. L\u2019\u00c9tat a repris le pilotage strat\u00e9gique des ressources nationales, s\u00e9parant les fonctions de production, de r\u00e9gulation, de fiscalit\u00e9 et de d\u00e9pense. L\u2019argent de la rente ne transite plus par l\u2019op\u00e9rateur p\u00e9trolier, mais passe par le Tr\u00e9sor, encadr\u00e9 par une loi de finances. Le Fonds de r\u00e9gulation des recettes, bien que peut etre critiquable dans sa gestion, a instaur\u00e9 une logique de pr\u00e9voyance budg\u00e9taire in\u00e9dite.<\/p><h3 data-start=\"3105\" data-end=\"3134\">R\u00e9silience ou aust\u00e9rit\u00e9 ?<\/h3><p data-start=\"3136\" data-end=\"3534\">Ce tournant de gouvernance explique aussi pourquoi, en 2014, lors de la chute brutale des prix du p\u00e9trole, l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie n\u2019a pas sombr\u00e9 comme les ann\u00e9es 1990. Il n\u2019y a pas eu d\u2019explosion sociale, pas de recours d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019endettement externe, pas d\u2019ajustement structurel dict\u00e9 par l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur.<br data-start=\"3420\" data-end=\"3423\" \/><em data-start=\"3423\" data-end=\"3534\">Parce que la rente n\u2019\u00e9tait plus g\u00e9r\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re opaque. Elle \u00e9tait int\u00e9gr\u00e9e \u00e0 un cadre budg\u00e9taire souverain.<\/em><\/p><p data-start=\"3536\" data-end=\"3837\">Ce n\u2019est pas une apologie du syst\u00e8me. Ce n\u2019est pas l\u2019oubli des d\u00e9fis, des gaspillages, des limites. Mais c\u2019est un rappel : <em data-start=\"3659\" data-end=\"3837\">une r\u00e9forme ne se mesure pas \u00e0 sa conformit\u00e9 avec les standards du FMI, mais \u00e0 sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger une soci\u00e9t\u00e9, \u00e0 investir dans son futur, \u00e0 encaisser les chocs sans rompre.<\/em><\/p><h3 data-start=\"3844\" data-end=\"3876\">Un autre mod\u00e8le de r\u00e9forme ?<\/h3><p data-start=\"3878\" data-end=\"4324\">L\u2019Alg\u00e9rie des ann\u00e9es 2000 n\u2019a pas poursuivi le programme des ann\u00e9es 90. Elle ne l\u2019a pas prolong\u00e9 \u2014 <em data-start=\"3977\" data-end=\"3996\">elle l\u2019a remplac\u00e9<\/em>. Pas par dogme, mais par choix strat\u00e9gique. Par ancrage social. Par recherche de souverainet\u00e9. Les instruments mis en place \u2014 ALNAFT, FRR, loi de finances, recentralisation budg\u00e9taire \u2014 <em data-start=\"4183\" data-end=\"4272\">ne correspondent pas aux r\u00e9formes dites de \u201cseconde g\u00e9n\u00e9ration\u201d dans les manuels du FMI<\/em>. Mais ils ont fonctionn\u00e9. Et ils ont \u00e9vit\u00e9 le pire.<\/p><p data-start=\"4326\" data-end=\"4499\">Alors, la vraie question n\u2019est pas de savoir pourquoi l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie n\u2019a pas poursuivi \u201cl\u2019\u00e9lan r\u00e9formateur\u201d.<br data-start=\"4429\" data-end=\"4432\" \/>La vraie question est : <em data-start=\"4456\" data-end=\"4497\">et si elle avait trouv\u00e9 un autre chemin<\/em> ?<\/p><p data-start=\"4501\" data-end=\"4512\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">Hope&amp;ChaDia<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hope&amp;ChaDia L\u2019article de M. Abderrahmi Bessaha publi\u00e9 dans El Watan le 18 juin 2025 (\u201cDu choc p\u00e9trolier de 1986 au programme de&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":115937,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"video","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[39,35],"tags":[214,216,215],"class_list":["post-115936","post","type-post","status-publish","format-video","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles-en-vedette","category-economie","tag-algerie-economiealgerienne-developpementhumain-rentepetroliere-reformeseconomiques-souveraineteeconomique-gestiondelarente-hydrocarbures-alnaft-sonatrach","tag-pointdevue-debateconomique-reponseintellectuelle-hopeetchadia-analysecritique-reformessilencieuses","tag-reformessansfmi-alternativesaufmi-modelesdedeveloppement-fmi-banquemondiale-politiquespubliques","post_format-post-format-video"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Oui, l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie a Rompu avec les R\u00e9formes du FMI\u2026 Pour se D\u00e9velopper Souverainement - AAH.JZR<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/oui-lalgerie-a-rompu-avec-les-reformes-du-fmi-pour-se-developper-souverainement\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Oui, l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie a Rompu avec les R\u00e9formes du FMI\u2026 Pour se D\u00e9velopper Souverainement - AAH.JZR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Hope&amp;ChaDia L\u2019article de M. Abderrahmi Bessaha publi\u00e9 dans El Watan le 18 juin 2025 (\u201cDu choc p\u00e9trolier de 1986 au programme de&hellip;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/oui-lalgerie-a-rompu-avec-les-reformes-du-fmi-pour-se-developper-souverainement\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"AAH.JZR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/jazairhope\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-06-19T07:13:51+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-06-19T07:58:52+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/M.-Walid-Sadi-Ministre-des-Sports-et-President-de-la-Federation-Algerienne-de-Football-30.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1280\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"720\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Hope Jzr\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Hope Jzr\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/oui-lalgerie-a-rompu-avec-les-reformes-du-fmi-pour-se-developper-souverainement\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/oui-lalgerie-a-rompu-avec-les-reformes-du-fmi-pour-se-developper-souverainement\/\",\"name\":\"Oui, l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie a Rompu avec les R\u00e9formes du FMI\u2026 Pour se D\u00e9velopper Souverainement - 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