{"id":18889,"date":"2021-05-31T16:59:31","date_gmt":"2021-05-31T21:59:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/?p=18889"},"modified":"2021-05-31T16:59:31","modified_gmt":"2021-05-31T21:59:31","slug":"quand-le-catalan-etait-parle-en-algerie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/quand-le-catalan-etait-parle-en-algerie\/","title":{"rendered":"Quand le catalan \u00e9tait parl\u00e9 en Alg\u00e9rie"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pendant la colonisation de l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie par la France, des milliers d\u2019Europ\u00e9ens s\u2019y sont install\u00e9s encourag\u00e9s par l\u2019Hexagone. Parmi eux, au moins 30.000 Catalans, originaires essentiellement du Roussillon et de Minorque. Histoire.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Le 5 juillet 1830, Alger capitule face aux troupes fran\u00e7aises men\u00e9es par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Bourmont. D\u00e8s lors, la conqu\u00eate de l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie d\u00e9bute. Au cours des 27 ann\u00e9es de combats, entre 1830 et 1857, de lourdes pertes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 caus\u00e9es de part et d\u2019autre, 15.000 morts c\u00f4t\u00e9 fran\u00e7ais et 285.000 d\u00e9c\u00e8s c\u00f4t\u00e9 alg\u00e9riens.<\/p>\n

En 1848, l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie devient officiellement un d\u00e9partement et territoire fran\u00e7ais. Le pays africain est alors encadr\u00e9 et administr\u00e9 par la m\u00e9tropole comme une nouvelle r\u00e9gion. L\u2019Hexagone promeut alors l\u2019installation de 750.000 Europ\u00e9ens en Alg\u00e9rie, dont 30.000 parlent catalan. Ces derniers proviennent principalement du Roussillon, de Minorque (\u00eele des Bal\u00e9ares) et des r\u00e9gions int\u00e9rieures d\u2019Alicante. On les surnomme les\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0pieds-noirs catalans\u00a0\u00bb<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Les Minorquins, premiers catalanophones en Alg\u00e9rie<\/h2>\n

En 1830, l\u2019\u00eele de Minorque subit une crise \u00e9conomique et culturelle apr\u00e8s le d\u00e9part des Britanniques. Avec un tel contexte, de nombreux Minorquins n\u2019ont vu qu\u2019une seule issue : l\u2019\u00e9migration. Ces derniers ont alors \u00e9t\u00e9 les premiers Europ\u00e9ens \u00e0 faire parti de l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie fran\u00e7aise. En effet, les recherches historiographiques r\u00e9v\u00e8lent qu\u2019entre 1830 et 1850, un total de 9.500 Minorquins (un tiers de la population de l\u2019\u00eele) a \u00e9migr\u00e9 en Alg\u00e9rie. Environ 6.000 d\u2019entre eux ont finalement pris racine dans ce pays maghr\u00e9bin. Dans une premi\u00e8re phase, entre 1830 et 1840, il s\u2019agirait d\u2019une \u00e9migration spontan\u00e9e, qui s\u2019explique par la relation historique entre les armateurs proven\u00e7aux, pr\u00e9sents en Alg\u00e9rie durant la colonisation, et la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 minorquine.<\/p>\n

Dans un second temps, \u00e0 partir de 1840, ce flux migratoire est favoris\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s fran\u00e7aises et est conduit par un marchand proven\u00e7al nomm\u00e9 Jacques-Augustin de Vialar. Pendant l\u2019occupation, il est devenu l\u2019un des plus grands propri\u00e9taires fonciers en Alg\u00e9rie. Vialar a cr\u00e9\u00e9 deux nouveaux villages, exclusivement avec des Minorquins : Fort de l\u2019Eau (1850) et Ain Taya (1855), fond\u00e9s respectivement avec 260 et 960 colons. Si le catalan n\u2019a jamais eu le statut de langue officielle (pas m\u00eame de langue locale), la population d\u2019origine minorquine de Fort de l\u2019Eau et d\u2019Ain Taya parlait essentiellement catalan.<\/p>\n

\"Catalan<\/p>\n

Forte population catalane \u00e0 Alger<\/h2>\n

En 1883, Monseigneur Cinto Verdaguer visite le quartier europ\u00e9en d\u2019Alger et r\u00e9v\u00e8le dans ses notes que la pr\u00e9sence de la jeune population de Roussillon, d\u2019origine minorquine et d\u2019Alicante (les deuxi\u00e8me et troisi\u00e8me g\u00e9n\u00e9rations d\u2019\u00e9migration) utilisait le catalan comme langue courante.<\/p>\n

En 1885, Francesc Truyols, consul espagnol \u00e0 Alger, d\u00e9nombre environ 20.000 \u00e0 30.000 personnes parlant catalan au sein de la capitale coloniale. Pour avoir une id\u00e9e de ce que cela repr\u00e9sentait, Reus, qui \u00e0 la m\u00eame \u00e9poque \u00e9tait la deuxi\u00e8me ville de Catalogne, comptait 30.000 habitants.<\/p>\n

Qu\u2019ont fait les Catalans en Alg\u00e9rie ?<\/h2>\n

La r\u00e9partition des terres des colons (largement dirig\u00e9e par l\u2019administration fran\u00e7aise) r\u00e9v\u00e8le clairement l\u2019activit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique de ces\u00a0\u00ab pieds-noirs catalans \u00bb<\/em>. Dans les zones rurales, comme c\u2019\u00e9tait le cas des pionniers de Fort de l\u2019Eau et d\u2019Ain Taya, les Catalans se sont engag\u00e9s dans la production agricole. Selon les sources documentaires de l\u2019\u00c9tat fran\u00e7ais, les domaines avaient \u00e9t\u00e9 confisqu\u00e9s \u00e0 des propri\u00e9taires alg\u00e9riens qui s\u2019\u00e9taient rebell\u00e9s contre la domination fran\u00e7aise.<\/p>\n

\n

\"Catalans<\/p>\n

Carte de l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie fran\u00e7aise\/ Source : Biblioth\u00e8que Nationale de France<\/p>\n

\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Dans les villes, notamment \u00e0 Alger, ils \u00e9taient commer\u00e7ants. L\u2019un des magasins les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres \u00e9tait la boucherie Accault-Sintes, les oncles maternels du prix Nobel de litt\u00e9rature Albert Camus, catalan par sa m\u00e8re, Catherine Marie Cardona Sintes. \u00a0M\u00eame si\u00a0Camus n\u2019a jamais \u00e9crit en catalan, il le parlait parfaitement car il a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9lev\u00e9 par ses grands-parents maternels. L\u2019auteur et philosophe fran\u00e7ais ma\u00eetrisait donc le \u00ab\u00a0patuet\u00a0\u00bb (nom familier pour d\u00e9signer une personne parlant catalan en Alg\u00e9rie).<\/p>\n

L\u2019historien Ferran Soldevila pr\u00e9cise que ce \u00ab\u00a0patuet\u00a0\u00bb \u00e9tait un m\u00e9lange entre le catalan, le fran\u00e7ais, l\u2019arabe et l\u2019amazigh (langue berb\u00e8re). Cette langue, qui s\u2019est transmise sur 6 g\u00e9n\u00e9rations, s\u2019est rapidement \u00e9teinte apr\u00e8s l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance de l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie en 1962. Les Catalans ont d\u00fb quitter pr\u00e9cipitamment leur domicile, leur terre et leurs commerces pour rejoindre la m\u00e9tropole dans ce que l\u2019on appelle\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0L\u2019exode des Pieds-noirs\u00a0\u00bb<\/em>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pendant la colonisation de l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie par la France, des milliers d\u2019Europ\u00e9ens s\u2019y sont install\u00e9s encourag\u00e9s par l\u2019Hexagone. Parmi eux, au moins 30.000…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":18903,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[32,42],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18889","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-algerie","category-histoire-et-patrimoine"],"yoast_head":"\nQuand le catalan \u00e9tait parl\u00e9 en Alg\u00e9rie - AAH.JZR<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/quand-le-catalan-etait-parle-en-algerie\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Quand le catalan \u00e9tait parl\u00e9 en Alg\u00e9rie - AAH.JZR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Pendant la colonisation de l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie par la France, des milliers d\u2019Europ\u00e9ens s\u2019y sont install\u00e9s encourag\u00e9s par l\u2019Hexagone. 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