{"id":34927,"date":"2021-10-31T12:19:05","date_gmt":"2021-10-31T12:19:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/?p=34927"},"modified":"2021-10-31T12:19:54","modified_gmt":"2021-10-31T12:19:54","slug":"nos-ancetres-les-pheniciens","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/nos-ancetres-les-pheniciens\/","title":{"rendered":"Nos anc\u00eatres les Ph\u00e9niciens"},"content":{"rendered":"

L\u2019Histoire antique de l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie a toujours \u00e9t\u00e9 la chasse gard\u00e9e de la France coloniale qui a cr\u00e9\u00e9 une histoire sur mesure \u00e0 son projet colonisateur ; glorifiant le pass\u00e9 Romain parce qu\u2019Europ\u00e9en et omettant le pass\u00e9 Ph\u00e9nicien parce qu\u2019Oriental \u2013\u00a0pour ne pas dire : Arabe. C\u2019est ainsi que notre pass\u00e9 ph\u00e9nicien\/Carthaginois, celui de la grande civilisation m\u00e9diterran\u00e9enne et Nord-Africaine qui dura plus de huit si\u00e8cles sera occult\u00e9, amoindri pour ne plus repr\u00e9senter qu\u2019un fait divers de l\u2019histoire antique de l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie.<\/p>\n

Malheureusement, cet \u00e9tat de fait persiste, encore de nos jours. L\u2019histoire antique de notre pays est toujours instrumentalis\u00e9e pour servir, cette fois ci, l\u2019id\u00e9ologie berb\u00e9riste s\u00e9paratiste suicidaire pour notre soci\u00e9t\u00e9. La v\u00e9rit\u00e9 est travestie, voire effac\u00e9e, au profit de mythes, chim\u00e8res et l\u00e9gendes qui racialisent l\u2019histoire de notre peuple, pour en exclure un groupe et glorifier un autre. Notre histoire est ainsi ouvertement et officiellement falsifi\u00e9e et la m\u00e9moire de nos anc\u00eatres trahie.<\/p>\n

Il est temps de r\u00e9tablir ces v\u00e9rit\u00e9s historiques pour r\u00e9habiliter la m\u00e9moire de tous nos anc\u00eatres y compris les Ph\u00e9niciens.<\/p>\n

Le Nord de l\u2019Afrique dans l\u2019antiquit\u00e9<\/h3>\n

Durant la p\u00e9riode antique, et ce, d\u00e8s le VIII\u00e8me si\u00e8cle BCE, l\u2019histoire du Nord de l\u2019Afrique relat\u00e9e par H\u00e9rodote met en sc\u00e8ne les Libyens et les Ph\u00e9niciens de Carthage. Si les premiers sont un conglom\u00e9rat de tribus pastorales et nomades, les Ph\u00e9niciens, descendants des Canan\u00e9ens Arabes, sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 des b\u00e2tisseurs de cit\u00e9s, des commer\u00e7ants et navigateurs qui, venus des c\u00f4tes Est de la m\u00e9diterran\u00e9e (actuellement Liban et Palestine) vont s\u2019\u00e9tablir sur le nord de l\u2019Afrique et fonder des villes, notamment Carthage, mais aussi :\u00a0Hipppo Regius (Annaba), Rusicade (Skikda), Igilgili (Jijel), Ikosim (Alger), Iol (cherchel), Tipaza, Siga (Takembrit), Cirta, Calama (Galma) \u2026<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n

Carthage la cit\u00e9 punique d\u2019Afrique<\/h3>\n

C\u2019est au IV\u00e8me si\u00e8cle BCE que Carthage, la cit\u00e9 Punique et Africaine, r\u00e9gnera sur le Nord de l\u2019Afrique et la p\u00e9ninsule Ib\u00e9rique. Elle devient la principale puissance \u00e9conomique et navale de l\u2019ouest de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9 et imposera son h\u00e9g\u00e9monie aux Grecs et Romains.<\/p>\n

Sur le plan politique, Carthage \u00e9tait consid\u00e9r\u00e9e par Aristote comme une forme de r\u00e9publique \u00e0 mi-chemin entre d\u00e9mocratie et oligarchie. Sa constitution r\u00e9glemente son syst\u00e8me de gouvernance, r\u00e9gie par des assembl\u00e9es populaires qui sont partiellement repr\u00e9sent\u00e9es au s\u00e9nat acquis en majorit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019oligarchie. Celle-ci est compos\u00e9e : de puissants armateurs, commer\u00e7ants et riches propri\u00e9taires terriens. Les suff\u00e8tes : premiers magistrats de la cit\u00e9, sont \u00e9lus par la majorit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

La Numidie punique<\/h3>\n

Les Numides affili\u00e9s \u00e0 Carthage subiront, durant plusieurs si\u00e8cles, les influences politiques, \u00e9conomiques et culturelles de cette m\u00e9tropole Punique. Ils \u00e9taient organis\u00e9s en deux principales chefferies : les Massaesyles et Massyles. Une inscription datant de 250 BCE donne en effet, le titre de Suff\u00e8te \u00e0 Zilalsan, chef des Massyles et anc\u00eatre de Massinissa.\u00a0Des assembl\u00e9es populaires\u00a0ou de seigneurs sont attest\u00e9es dans les villes de Cirta, Calama, Siga, Ikosim\u2026<\/p>\n

Apr\u00e8s des si\u00e8cles d\u2019\u00e9changes, le brassage des peuples entre la Numidie et Carthage ne fait aucun doute. Il est attest\u00e9 par les nombreux liens de mariage entre les chefs Numides et l\u2019aristocratie de Carthage qui avaient pour but de consolider les relations avec la cit\u00e9 Punique. Le chef Naravase\/Narbaal avait re\u00e7u la main de la fille du g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Hamilcar Barca pour sa pr\u00e9cieuse aide contre la r\u00e9volte des mercenaires (241-237 BCE) et le roi Syphax s\u2019\u00e9tait mari\u00e9 \u00e0 Sophonisbe fille d\u2019un g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Carthaginois pour sceller son alliance \u00e0 Carthage contre Rome.<\/p>\n

Les rois Numides parlaient la langue punique qui \u00e9tait la langue officielle de leur royaume. Les pi\u00e8ces de monnaie<\/p>\n

\n
\"5803a6af0d8b5\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

frapp\u00e9es au nom des chefs Numides Syphax, Vermina, Massinissa, Micipsa, Juba Ier, sont toutes grav\u00e9es de lettres puniques, de droite \u00e0 gauche. Apr\u00e8s la chute de Carthage, en l\u2019an 146 BCE, les Romains et apr\u00e8s la destruction de la cit\u00e9, c\u00e9d\u00e8rent la biblioth\u00e8que de Carthage au Roi Micipsa, fils de Massinissa, et plus tard, vers 80 BCE, le roi Numide Hiempsal II p\u00e8re de Juba Ier, \u00e9crira un livre relatant l\u2019histoire de son pays en langue punique.<\/p>\n

Des centaines de st\u00e8les \u00e9crites en punique ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couvertes dans le site d\u2019El Hoffra \/ Cirta t\u00e9moignage des offrandes aux dieu Ph\u00e9niciens Baal Hamon et la d\u00e9esse punique Tanit. Malheureusement, des centaines d\u2019autres st\u00e8les, t\u00e9moins de la civilisation Punique dans notre pays, vol\u00e9es durant la colonisation, sont toujours s\u00e9questr\u00e9es dans des mus\u00e9es fran\u00e7ais.<\/p>\n

\"st\u00e8le
St\u00e8le de Micipsa fils de Massinissa \u00e9crite en punique<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Saint Augustain le Punique<\/h3>\n

Il ne fait aucun doute que le brassage des peuples Numides et ph\u00e9niciens durant huit si\u00e8cles a donn\u00e9 naissance \u00e0 une nouvelle soci\u00e9t\u00e9 ; une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 punique qui a subsist\u00e9 m\u00eame apr\u00e8s la colonisation Romaine. On peut lire en effet, dans le livre de Poujoulat sur la vie de Saint Augustin, qu\u2019au IV\u00e8me si\u00e8cle CE, Saint Augustin, lui-m\u00eame, se r\u00e9clamait de la \u00ab race \u00bb Punique (!) et rappelait dans ses \u00e9crits que les populations de la r\u00e9gion parlaient le punique et s\u2019identifiaient au peuple Punique.<\/p>\n

Le Maghribi ou la derja punique<\/h3>\n

Cette persistance de la langue punique aupr\u00e8s des autochtones cinq si\u00e8cles apr\u00e8s la chute de Carthage explique l\u2019arabisation de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 du Maghreb apr\u00e8s les \u00ab Foutouhates \u00bb Islamique du 7\u00e8me si\u00e8cle. En effet, le linguiste Abdou ElImam d\u00e9montre, dans son livre, que le Maghribi, le parler dialecte de la r\u00e9gion du Maghreb, n\u2019est pas une alt\u00e9ration de la langue arabe classique du Coran, mais plut\u00f4t une variation du punique qui a subsist\u00e9 depuis l\u2019antiquit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

D\u00e9colonsier l\u2019Histoire antique de l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie<\/h3>\n

Il est ind\u00e9niable que les ressources arch\u00e9ologiques et historiographiques d\u2019\u00e9poque confirment l\u2019importance et la richesse de la civilisation punique, durant l\u2019antiquit\u00e9, dans notre r\u00e9gion. Ce riche pass\u00e9 Punique qui renforce nos liens avec notre arabit\u00e9, bien avant la venue de l\u2019Islam sur nos terres, ne doit plus \u00eatre occult\u00e9 ni amoindri au profit de l\u00e9gendes fantaisistes des fossoyeurs de l\u2019Histoire. Au contraire il doit \u00eatre enseign\u00e9 et c\u00e9l\u00e9br\u00e9 avec fiert\u00e9 comme une composante incontestable de notre identit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\n

R\u00e9f\u00e9rences:<\/p>\n

Elimam, A., 2003. Le Maghribi, alias (ed-darija): la langue consensuelle du Maghreb. Dar el gharb.<\/p>\n

Fage, J.D., Oliver, R.A., 1975. The Cambridge History of Africa. Cambridge University Press.<\/p>\n

Poujoulat J., 1846. Histoire de Saint Augustin. Mellier Fr\u00e8res.<\/p>\n

Rollin, C., 1776. Histoire ancienne des Egyptiens, des Carthaginois, des Assyriens, des Babyloniens, des Medes et des Perses, des Macedoniens, des Grecs. chez les fr\u00e8res Estienne.<\/p>\n

Rossi, P., 1976. La cit\u00e9 d\u2019Isis: histoire vraie des Arabes. Nouvelles Editions Latines.<\/p>\n

Smith, S.W., 1876. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology: Oarses-Zygia. J. Murray.<\/p>\n

Site web de l\u2019exposition Les Ph\u00e9niciens en Alg\u00e9rie<\/a><\/p>\n

Page personnel du Prof Benkoula<\/a>\u00a0qui r\u00e9pertorie les sources acad\u00e9miques in\u00e9dites sur le sujet<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Source: decolonizingalgeria.wordpress.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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