{"id":38343,"date":"2021-12-04T12:23:10","date_gmt":"2021-12-04T12:23:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/?p=38343"},"modified":"2021-12-04T12:23:10","modified_gmt":"2021-12-04T12:23:10","slug":"en-algerie-un-village-revit-grace-au-figuier-de-barbarie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/en-algerie-un-village-revit-grace-au-figuier-de-barbarie\/","title":{"rendered":"En Alg\u00e9rie, un village revit gr\u00e2ce au figuier de Barbarie"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mon avenir est ici, rien ne sert d’aller \u00e0 l’\u00e9tranger”, sourit Fethi Gueldasmi, agriculteur \u00e0 Sidi Fredj en Alg\u00e9rie. Le\u00a0figuier de Barbarie<\/a>\u00a0a ranim\u00e9 cette commune autrefois pauvre o\u00f9 beaucoup r\u00eavaient d’\u00e9migration.<\/p>\n

Originaire du Mexique, le cactus\u00a0Opuntia ficus-indica<\/em>\u00a0s’est r\u00e9pandu sur le pourtour m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en apr\u00e8s la d\u00e9couverte des Am\u00e9riques au XVe si\u00e8cle. Avec ses grands rameaux aplatis appel\u00e9s “raquettes”, il fait partie du paysage aride des campagnes alg\u00e9riennes, \u00e0 l’\u00e9tat sauvage ou plant\u00e9 comme haie naturelle.<\/p>\n

La cosm\u00e9tique et de nouveaux d\u00e9bouch\u00e9s alimentaires ont dop\u00e9 cette production ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, alors qu’il \u00e9tait jusque-l\u00e0 cultiv\u00e9 surtout pour son fruit \u00e0 la chair go\u00fbteuse et sucr\u00e9e \u2013 rapportant \u00e0 peine de quoi vivre, avec des figues vendues 10 dinars pi\u00e8ce (7 centimes d’euro).<\/p>\n

L’industrie cosm\u00e9tique et les magazines de mode europ\u00e9ens et am\u00e9ricains vantent les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s antirides de l’huile de figue de Barbarie, tir\u00e9e des p\u00e9pins, et des \u00e9tudes scientifiques ont aussi r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 les multiples vertus nutritionnelles et m\u00e9dicinales de cette plante. Les fleurs, riches notamment en vitamine C, calcium et magn\u00e9sium, se consomment en\u00a0tisanes<\/a>. Et la pulpe du fruit sert pour des confitures, des jus ou du vinaigre.<\/p>\n

A l’exception des \u00e9pines dont on ne tire rien, la plante peut ainsi \u00eatre enti\u00e8rement utilis\u00e9e et valoris\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

Expertise mexicaine<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Aussi la Chambre d’agriculture de la r\u00e9gion de Souk Ahras, o\u00f9 se trouve Sidi Fredj, a-t-elle encourag\u00e9 depuis 2013 le d\u00e9veloppement d’une fili\u00e8re alg\u00e9rienne du figuier de Barbarie en attirant des experts du Mexique, pays d’origine et premier producteur mondial de cette plante, \u00e0 l’honneur sur le drapeau national.<\/p>\n

Des experts mexicains aident les agriculteurs alg\u00e9riens \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer les rendements en identifiant les “vari\u00e9t\u00e9s les plus avantageuses” \u00e0 cultiver sur leurs terres, explique \u00e0 l’AFP Gabriel Rosenzweig, ambassadeur du Mexique en Alg\u00e9rie.<\/p>\n

Une premi\u00e8re unit\u00e9 de production a ouvert d\u00e8s 2015 \u00e0 Sidi Fredj, d\u00e9di\u00e9e aux huiles, vinaigres et jus.<\/p>\n

Et une nouvelle usine inaugur\u00e9e en 2018 doit doper la production r\u00e9gionale. Elle \u00e9tait de 1 000 litres en 2018, et l’objectif vis\u00e9 en 2019 est de 7 000 litres.<\/p>\n

A la clef, l’une des huiles les plus ch\u00e8res au monde : pas moins d’une tonne de graines est n\u00e9cessaire pour produire un litre de cet “\u00e9lixir” qui peut se vendre plus de 2 000 euros le litre en Europe, une fois conditionn\u00e9 en petits flacons.<\/p>\n

\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

2 000 euros le litre<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Les producteurs de la r\u00e9gion de Sidi Fredj en tirent 500 euros du litre vendu en gros.<\/p>\n

Certifi\u00e9e\u00a0bio<\/a>\u00a0par des organismes \u00e9trangers \u2013 une telle certification n’existe pas en Alg\u00e9rie \u2013, cette huile de figue de Barbarie s’exporte en France, en Allemagne, au Qatar et bient\u00f4t aux Etats-Unis, explique \u00e0 l’AFP un agriculteur, Djamel Chaib.<\/p>\n

Dans la r\u00e9gion conservatrice de Souk Ahras, la transformation du cactus a fait \u00e9merger une \u00e9conomie familiale qui offre aux femmes, souvent employ\u00e9es pour la r\u00e9colte, une ind\u00e9pendance financi\u00e8re et aux jeunes un espoir d’avenir.<\/p>\n

La m\u00e8re de Fethi Gueldasmi cultive sa propre parcelle et peut ainsi \u00e9conomiser pour effectuer un p\u00e8lerinage \u00e0 La Mecque. Gr\u00e2ce au boom du cactus, la famille Gueldasmi affirme avoir d\u00e9cupl\u00e9 ses revenus. Fini le cr\u00e9dit chez l’\u00e9picier, ils agrandissent la maison familiale.<\/p>\n

Ces terres qui “permettaient juste de survivre nous donnent de l’espoir. Pas besoin d’aller ailleurs”, se r\u00e9jouit Fethi, 40 ans, aujourd’hui serein pour son avenir et celui de sa fille de 10 ans dans le village de leurs anc\u00eatres.<\/p>\n

En Alg\u00e9rie, 30% des jeunes sont au ch\u00f4mage et beaucoup voient l’\u00e9migration comme seule \u00e9chappatoire. Mais dans la r\u00e9gion de Sidi Fredj, “plusieurs centaines de familles” vivent d\u00e9sormais de la culture des figuiers, indique Mohamed Mohamedi, pr\u00e9sident de la coop\u00e9rative agricole.<\/p>\n

“Puits botanique”<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Le p\u00e8re de Fethi se r\u00e9jouit aussi d’avoir pu planter des pistachiers entre les cactus-raquettes, source de revenus suppl\u00e9mentaires.<\/p>\n

R\u00e9servoir naturel d’eau, le figuier de Barbarie est “un puits botanique capable de fournir jusqu’\u00e0 180 tonnes d’eau par hectare” et ses racines am\u00e9liorent la fertilit\u00e9 des sols, rel\u00e8ve la FAO, l’Organisation des Nations unies pour l’alimentation et l’agriculture.<\/p>\n

Dans les endroits o\u00f9 de l’orge a \u00e9t\u00e9 plant\u00e9e entre les rang\u00e9es de figuiers, les rendements \u00e0 l’hectare de la c\u00e9r\u00e9ale ont \u00e9t\u00e9 multipli\u00e9s par sept, souligne le Pr Khodir Madani, directeur d’un laboratoire universitaire de recherche.<\/p>\n

Une opportunit\u00e9 pour l’Alg\u00e9rie, qui est le plus grand pays d’Afrique et dont 80% du territoire est aride ou semi-aride.<\/p>\n

Selon la FAO, comme le cactus est capable de pousser sur des terres pauvres “o\u00f9 aucune autre culture” ne le peut, “cette ‘humble plante’ continue silencieusement mais fermement \u00e0 gagner une place de premier plan” face au changement climatique et aux risques accrus de s\u00e9cheresse.<\/p>\n

La\u00a0Tunisie<\/em><\/a>\u00a0et le Maroc ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 bien compris l’int\u00e9r\u00eat du figuier de Barbarie. Appuy\u00e9s par l’ONU, ils ont d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 depuis plusieurs ann\u00e9es une fili\u00e8re de transformation de cette plante.<\/p>\n

geo.fr<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mon avenir est ici, rien ne sert d’aller \u00e0 l’\u00e9tranger”, sourit Fethi Gueldasmi, agriculteur \u00e0 Sidi Fredj en Alg\u00e9rie. Le\u00a0figuier de Barbarie\u00a0a…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":70,"featured_media":38348,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[32,39,35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38343","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-algerie","category-articles-en-vedette","category-economie"],"yoast_head":"\nEn Alg\u00e9rie, un village revit gr\u00e2ce au figuier de Barbarie - AAH.JZR<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/en-algerie-un-village-revit-grace-au-figuier-de-barbarie\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"En Alg\u00e9rie, un village revit gr\u00e2ce au figuier de Barbarie - AAH.JZR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Mon avenir est ici, rien ne sert d’aller \u00e0 l’\u00e9tranger”, sourit Fethi Gueldasmi, agriculteur \u00e0 Sidi Fredj en Alg\u00e9rie. 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