{"id":83254,"date":"2023-07-08T16:03:59","date_gmt":"2023-07-08T15:03:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/?p=80154"},"modified":"2023-07-08T16:03:59","modified_gmt":"2023-07-08T15:03:59","slug":"lhistoire-de-milliers-de-deportes-algeriens-au-large-de-cannes-se-devoile-comme-un-devoir-de-memoire","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/lhistoire-de-milliers-de-deportes-algeriens-au-large-de-cannes-se-devoile-comme-un-devoir-de-memoire\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019histoire de milliers de \u00ab d\u00e9port\u00e9s \u00bb alg\u00e9riens au large de Cannes se d\u00e9voile comme un \u00ab devoir de m\u00e9moire \u00bb"},"content":{"rendered":"

EXPOSITION<\/strong>\u00a0Entre\u00a01841 et\u00a01884, au temps de la conqu\u00eate de l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie par l\u2019Etat fran\u00e7ais, pr\u00e8s de 4.000 personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9es \u00e0 leur pays et transf\u00e9r\u00e9es sur l\u2019\u00eele Sainte-Marguerite, au large de Cannes. Une exposition pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e sur place leur est consacr\u00e9e<\/span><\/p>\n

Dans les ann\u00e9es\u00a01970, des travaux forestiers men\u00e9s par des harkis au large de\u00a0Cannes,<\/a>\u00a0sur l\u2019\u00eele Sainte-Marguerite, avaient permis de mettre au jour un des plus anciens cimeti\u00e8res\u00a0musulmans<\/a>\u00a0de l\u2019Hexagone. Au milieu des s\u00e9pultures, une st\u00e8le saluait la m\u00e9moire de \u00ab\u00a0nos fr\u00e8res morts pour la France\u00a0\u00bb. Erreur historique. Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 retir\u00e9e l\u2019an dernier. Les 274 corps enterr\u00e9s l\u00e0 appartenaient en fait aux milliers de Nord-Africains arrach\u00e9s \u00e0 leur terre natale et d\u00e9tenus sur place par l\u2019Etat fran\u00e7ais. Au temps de\u00a0la conqu\u00eate de l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie.<\/a>\u00a0Entre\u00a01841 et\u00a01884.\u00a0L\u2019exposition \u00ab\u00a0Prisonniers en terre d\u2019exil\u00a0\u00bb,<\/a>\u00a0pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 jusqu\u2019au 29\u00a0octobre au Mus\u00e9e du Masque de fer et du Fort royal*, fait toute la lumi\u00e8re sur ces faits.<\/p>\n

\n
\"Le
Le Fort royal de l’\u00eele Sainte-Marguerite (\u00e0 gauche sur l’\u00eemage) – Eric Dervaux<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Et c\u2019\u00e9tait une volont\u00e9 du maire de Cannes, David Lisnard, lui-m\u00eame, explique le directeur adjoint des mus\u00e9es de la ville Christophe Roustan Delatour, commissaire de l\u2019exposition. En\u00a02018, il nous a demand\u00e9 de lancer un projet d\u2019\u00e9tude et de valorisation du cimeti\u00e8re musulman. Compte tenu de la sensibilit\u00e9 du sujet, qui touche \u00e0 l\u2019histoire coloniale, il a insist\u00e9 pour que nos recherches soient les plus pr\u00e9cises possibles. Tout \u00e7a ne pouvait pas rester invisible. C\u2019\u00e9tait un v\u00e9ritable devoir de m\u00e9moire.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Sans culpabilit\u00e9 posthume ni esprit de revanche\u00a0\u00bb<\/h4>\n

Avec l\u2019appui d\u2019Anissa Bouayed, une historienne franco-alg\u00e9rienne, et apr\u00e8s deux ans de recherches, de nombreux documents attestant du sort de ces \u00ab\u00a0d\u00e9port\u00e9s\u00a0\u00bb (\u00ab c\u2019est le terme qui \u00e9tait employ\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque\u00a0\u00bb, rappelle Christophe Roustan Delatour) sont rassembl\u00e9s. \u00ab\u00a0Point de jugement ici, point de morale, point de politique non plus, mais des faits, pr\u00e9vient aussi David Lisnard dans le catalogue de l\u2019exposition. Le destin de ces populations d\u2019Alg\u00e9rie a crois\u00e9 nos rivages et nous devons le saisir, le comprendre, l\u2019assimiler, sans culpabilit\u00e9 posthume ni esprit de revanche [\u2026] dans une m\u00e9moire apais\u00e9e et respect\u00e9e des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

\n
\"Une
Une liste de prisonniers dat\u00e9e du 30 janvier 1846 – Ville de Cannes<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Des lettres officielles de l\u2019Arm\u00e9e, des listes de noms et des photographies sont notamment expos\u00e9es. Tout commence le 30\u00a0avril 1841. Un arr\u00eat\u00e9 du ministre de la guerre, le mar\u00e9chal Soult, affecte la forteresse de l\u2019\u00eele Sainte-Marguerite \u00e0 la d\u00e9tention des \u00ab\u00a0prisonniers de guerre provenant de l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie\u00a0\u00bb o\u00f9 la France a entam\u00e9 sa conqu\u00eate dix ans plus t\u00f4t. \u00ab\u00a0Ils sont envoy\u00e9s l\u00e0 sans proc\u00e8s, sans jugement. De l\u2019autre c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e, on leur confisque m\u00eame leurs terres. Ils \u00e9taient en fait des otages que l\u2019on a soustraits \u00e0 cause de l\u2019influence qu\u2019ils avaient dans leur pays\u00a0\u00bb, r\u00e9v\u00e8le le responsable des mus\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Ce n\u2019\u00e9tait pas du tout un camp d\u2019extermination\u00a0\u00bb<\/h4>\n

Le Fort royal, o\u00f9 \u00e9tait enferm\u00e9 le Masque de fer le si\u00e8cle pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent, voit donc d\u00e9barquer pr\u00e8s de 4.000 de ces d\u00e9tenus en un peu plus de 40 ans. Des membres de la fameuse Smala Abd-el-Kader y sont notamment envoy\u00e9s en\u00a01843. \u00ab\u00a0Il y a eu jusqu\u2019\u00e0 700 personnes en m\u00eame temps. Voire peut-\u00eatre m\u00eame 800. On essayait de les garder tous en bonne sant\u00e9. Ce n\u2019\u00e9tait pas du tout un camp d\u2019extermination. Les conditions \u00e9taient plut\u00f4t bonnes\u00a0\u00bb, relate Christophe Roustan Delatour. Elles sont reconstitu\u00e9es dans l\u2019exposition avec des aquarelles de l\u2019illustrateur Jacques Ferrandez. Trois sc\u00e8nes de la vie quotidienne sont pr\u00e9sent\u00e9es au plus proche de la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9poque.<\/p>\n

Sur place, il y avait une infirmerie. On c\u00e9l\u00e9brait des naissances, des mariages. On faisait m\u00eame venir de la semoule pour la confection des couscous. La religion \u00e9tait \u00e9galement respect\u00e9e. \u00ab\u00a0Un espace o\u00f9 \u00e9taient pratiqu\u00e9es les ablutions rituelles a pu \u00eatre identifi\u00e9. Un lieu autour d\u2019un arbre qui servait pour la pri\u00e8re est \u00e9galement mentionn\u00e9 dans des documents\u00a0\u00bb, pr\u00e9cise-t-il.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Des enfants n\u2019auront vu que cette \u00eele\u00a0\u00bb<\/h4>\n

Mais il y a aussi des d\u00e9c\u00e8s. \u00ab Certains de ces prisonniers sont morts de nostalgie. Loin de l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie, ils se sont laiss\u00e9s mourir. A cause de la promiscuit\u00e9, il y a eu aussi des \u00e9pid\u00e9mies, de dysenterie notamment. Et des enfants, n\u00e9s sur place, n\u2019auront vu que cette \u00eele dans leurs existences parfois tr\u00e8s courtes \u00bb, explique encore l\u2019historien.<\/p>\n

Cette d\u00e9portation vers l\u2019Hexagone, \u00e9galement organis\u00e9e dans une moindre mesure dans des forts situ\u00e9s \u00e0 Agde et \u00e0 Toulon, cessera finalement en\u00a01884. \u00ab\u00a0L\u2019arm\u00e9e fran\u00e7aise a consid\u00e9r\u00e9 que l\u2019\u00e9loignement de ces d\u00e9tenus n\u2019\u00e9tait pas assez dissuasif pour faire avancer leurs plans en Alg\u00e9rie, conclut Christophe Roustan Delatour. C\u2019est ensuite vers la Nouvelle-Cal\u00e9donie et la Guyane, dont on savait d\u00e9j\u00e0 qu\u2019ils ne reviendraient jamais, que ces prisonniers ont \u00e9t\u00e9 envoy\u00e9s.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

*L\u2019exposition \u00ab\u00a0Prisonniers en terre d\u2019exil\u00a0\u00bb est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e jusqu\u2019au 29\u00a0octobre. Le Mus\u00e9e du Masque de fer et du Fort royal, sur l\u2019\u00eele Saint-Marguerite (accessible en navettes maritimes depuis le Vieux-Port de Cannes) est ouvert tous les jours de l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 entre 10 heures et 17h 45. Billet \u00e0 acheter sur place ou\u00a0<\/em>en ligne<\/em><\/a>\u00a0: 6,50 \u20ac (3,50 \u20ac en tarif r\u00e9duit).<\/em><\/p>\n

Source : https:\/\/www.20minutes.fr\/arts-stars\/culture\/4044802-20230708-histoire-milliers-deportes-algeriens-large-cannes-devoile-comme-devoir-memoire<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

EXPOSITION\u00a0Entre\u00a01841 et\u00a01884, au temps de la conqu\u00eate de l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie par l\u2019Etat fran\u00e7ais, pr\u00e8s de 4.000 personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 arrach\u00e9es \u00e0 leur pays…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":80155,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[15,32,42,14,31,44],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-83254","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-algeria","category-algerie","category-histoire-et-patrimoine","category-historyheritage","category-31","category-44"],"yoast_head":"\nL\u2019histoire de milliers de \u00ab d\u00e9port\u00e9s \u00bb alg\u00e9riens au large de Cannes se d\u00e9voile comme un \u00ab devoir de m\u00e9moire \u00bb - AAH.JZR<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/lhistoire-de-milliers-de-deportes-algeriens-au-large-de-cannes-se-devoile-comme-un-devoir-de-memoire\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L\u2019histoire de milliers de \u00ab d\u00e9port\u00e9s \u00bb alg\u00e9riens au large de Cannes se d\u00e9voile comme un \u00ab devoir de m\u00e9moire \u00bb - 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