{"id":89678,"date":"2023-09-24T10:00:04","date_gmt":"2023-09-24T09:00:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/?p=89352"},"modified":"2023-09-28T08:27:52","modified_gmt":"2023-09-28T07:27:52","slug":"lagriculture-algerienne-et-lintelligence-artificielle-ia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/lagriculture-algerienne-et-lintelligence-artificielle-ia\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019agriculture alg\u00e9rienne et l\u2019intelligence artificielle (IA)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Par le Dr Belouchrani Amel Souhila(*)<\/strong><\/em><\/span>
\nL’intelligence artificielle (IA) est d\u00e9finie comme \u00e9tant un processus d’imitation de l’intelligence humaine reposant sur la cr\u00e9ation et l’application d’algorithmes ex\u00e9cut\u00e9s dans un environnement informatique dynamique. Son but est de permettre \u00e0 des ordinateurs de penser et d’agir comme des \u00eatres humains. Dans le contexte de l\u2019agriculture, l\u2019IA peut penser et agir comme un agronome, un chercheur en g\u00e9nie de l\u2019environnement ou tout court comme un scientifique.<\/span>
\nEt donc l\u2019IA peut jouer un r\u00f4le tr\u00e8s important dans l’agriculture alg\u00e9rienne par l\u2019optimisation de la production et des rendements agricoles, et cela par analyse des donn\u00e9es agricoles, telles que les param\u00e8tres du climat, entre autres, la pluviom\u00e9trie et les temp\u00e9ratures (ces deux param\u00e8tres sont des facteurs limitants de la production agricole), l\u2019analyse des caract\u00e9ristiques des sols, le d\u00e9veloppement des cultures, et fournir des recommandations pr\u00e9cises sur les pratiques culturales, la gestion des cultures et les plans de fertilisation. Toutes ces analyses vont nous permettre de produire en prot\u00e9geant l\u2019environnement de la pollution des sols, de l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re et des nappes d\u2019eau ; ces analyses via l\u2019IA vont nous permettre une gestion plus efficace des ressources.<\/span>
\nEn utilisant des capteurs et des syst\u00e8mes d’irrigation intelligents, l’IA peut surveiller, en temps r\u00e9el, les besoins en eau des cultures et ajuster l’irrigation en cons\u00e9quence, ce qui peut \u00e9conomiser de l\u2019eau, vu que l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie vit, ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, une s\u00e9cheresse \u00e0 cause du changement climatique, et, par cons\u00e9quent, r\u00e9duire les co\u00fbts.<\/span>
\nConcernant la pr\u00e9vention des maladies et des ravageurs, l\u2019IA peut d\u00e9tecter pr\u00e9cocement les maladies des plantes et les infestations de ravageurs gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l’analyse d’images par satellite ou par l’utilisation de capteurs. Ce qui permettra une intervention rapide et cibl\u00e9e, r\u00e9duisant ainsi la quantit\u00e9 des pesticides et des insecticides \u00e0 utiliser.<\/span>
\nL’IA peut \u00eatre utilis\u00e9e pour fournir des informations agricoles pertinentes aux agriculteurs, par des applications mobiles. Ces derni\u00e8res peuvent fournir des conseils sur les pratiques agricoles et culturales, les pr\u00e9visions m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques, et les prix des cultures.<\/span>
\nCela dit, certains jeunes agriculteurs universitaires utilisent d\u00e9j\u00e0 ces applications, d\u2019autres agriculteurs, soucieux de rentabiliser leur production agricole, font appel \u00e0 des \u00e9tudiants en fin de cursus pour les aider \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper telle ou telle application, ce qui prouve que l\u2019agriculteur alg\u00e9rien est d\u00e9j\u00e0 apte \u00e0 utiliser l\u2019IA.<\/span>
\nUn autre r\u00f4le primordial de l\u2019IA, elle peut \u00eatre utilis\u00e9e pour analyser de grandes quantit\u00e9s de donn\u00e9es agricoles et fournir des informations pr\u00e9cieuses aux chercheurs et aux d\u00e9cideurs. Cela peut aider \u00e0 la prise de d\u00e9cisions \u00e9clair\u00e9es concernant les pratiques et les politiques agricoles et les investissements dans le secteur agricole, elle peut m\u00eame aider \u00e0 pr\u00e9dire des rendements agricoles en fonction des changements climatiques.<\/span>
\nCependant, il est important de souligner que l’utilisation de l’IA dans l\u2019agriculture en Alg\u00e9rie peut n\u00e9cessiter des infrastructures appropri\u00e9es, des ressources financi\u00e8res et une formation pour les agriculteurs.<\/span>
\nIl est \u00e9galement important de prendre en compte les r\u00e9alit\u00e9s du terrain, les connaissances traditionnelles et l’adaptabilit\u00e9 des solutions bas\u00e9es sur l’IA aux contextes sp\u00e9cifiques.<\/span>
\nL\u2019Alg\u00e9rie est en effet confront\u00e9e \u00e0 des d\u00e9fis en raison du changement climatique et de la s\u00e9cheresse, donc l’IA peut \u00eatre exploit\u00e9e dans l\u2019irrigation intelligente par optimisation de l’irrigation dans les zones arides en analysant les donn\u00e9es climatiques, les caract\u00e9ristiques du sol et les besoins sp\u00e9cifiques de chaque culture. Dans ce cas, l\u2019IA va nous permettre de d\u00e9terminer le moment optimal pour l’irrigation et la quantit\u00e9 d’eau requise, ce qui peut contribuer \u00e0 une utilisation plus efficace de l’eau et \u00e0 des \u00e9conomies d’\u00e9nergie.<\/span>
\nConcernant les cultures, le r\u00f4le de l\u2019IA intervient dans l\u2019identification des cultures qui sont les mieux adapt\u00e9es aux conditions des zones arides et\/ou semi-arides de l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie. En analysant les donn\u00e9es sur la r\u00e9sistance \u00e0 la s\u00e9cheresse, ainsi que les besoins en eau des diff\u00e9rentes cultures, l’IA peut recommander les cultures les plus appropri\u00e9es pour maximiser les rendements dans ces zones.<\/span>
\nL\u2019intelligence artificielle est un acteur tr\u00e8s important dans l\u2019agriculture et la mise en valeur des sols alg\u00e9riens, elle contribue \u00e0 r\u00e9duire les pertes, \u00e0 minimiser l’impact environnemental et \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la rentabilit\u00e9 des exploitations agricoles.<\/span>
\nL\u2019agriculture et l\u2019IA donnent naissance \u00e0 l\u2019agriculture intelligente. Dans un avenir proche, l\u2019agriculture traditionnelle, l\u2019agriculture biologique et l\u2019agriculture de conservation vont laisser place \u00e0 l\u2019agriculture intelligente. Il serait int\u00e9ressant et judicieux d\u2019introduire dans les programmes scolaires le concept de l\u2019agriculture intelligente.<\/span>
\nB.\u2008A.\u2008S.<\/strong>\u2008<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

(*) Enseignante-chercheure \u00e0 l\u2019ENSA.<\/em><\/span>
\namelbelouchrani@yahoo.fr<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

lesoirdalgerie.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Par le Dr Belouchrani Amel Souhila(*) L’intelligence artificielle (IA) est d\u00e9finie comme \u00e9tant un processus d’imitation de l’intelligence humaine reposant sur la…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":61,"featured_media":89709,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[35,50],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-89678","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-economie","category-science-fr"],"yoast_head":"\nL\u2019agriculture alg\u00e9rienne et l\u2019intelligence artificielle (IA) - AAH.JZR<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/jazairhope.org\/fr\/lagriculture-algerienne-et-lintelligence-artificielle-ia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L\u2019agriculture alg\u00e9rienne et l\u2019intelligence artificielle (IA) - 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